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LANGUAGE AND history OF JAPAN
日本の言語と歴史

      日本語のおしゃべり                              Nihongo no Oshaberi

13/2/2017

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Japanese Orthography
(Part 3)

「Transliteration of foreign words, voiced, twisted, and assimilated sounds」

Transliteration
With the transliteration of foreign words into katakana, long vowels are denoted with the uses of a lengthening stroke (ー)

Examples:
コーヒー  Kōhī  Coffee
ビール  
Bīru  Beer
ボール  Bōru  Ball(s)
エスカレーター  Esukarētā   Escalator

Two exceptions to this extension stroke rule are Eight (エイト) and Spain (スペイン)

”Voiced” Sounds
"Voiced" sounds (daku-on or "Muddied" sounds) g-, z-, d-, and b- are identified with usage of short diagonal strokes (nigori) on the upper right-hand corner of the unvoiced character, and the "half muddled" sound (hanadaki-on) p- is primarily denoted with a small circle (maru)

Examples:
Ga 「が・ガ」 Za「ざ・ザ」 Da「だ・ダ」 Ba「ば・バ」 Pa「ぱ・パ」

"Twisted" Sounds
"Twisted" sounds (Yō-on) also borrow characters from hiragana and katakana, they are denoted with two kana; the first being from the i column, and the second from the ya row. The smaller kana is used to denote the merging of the two separate characters into a single syllable.

Examples: 
Kya 「きゃ・キャ」 Kyu「きゅ・キュ」 Kyo「きょ・キョ」
Gya「ぎゃ・ギャ」 Gyu「ぎゅ・ギュ」 Gyo「ぎょ・ギョ」

”Assimilated” Sounds
”Assimilated” sounds (soku-on) otherwise known as sounds that are represented when using romaji by a doubled consonant , these are identified by a small つ・ツ before the extended consonant sound.

Examples:
れっしゃ Ressha  Train
  じっぷん  Jippun  Ten Minutes
ロケット  Roketto  Rocket


ʿʿ˅⁽ˆ⁰ˆ˺ ⁾˺ こゆうきあいはら ʿʿ˅⁽ˆ⁰ˆ˺ ⁾˺

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  • Welcome Yokoso! よこそ!
  • About
  • Japan 日本
    • Language and History 言語と歴史
    • Music And Culture音楽と文化
  • Gaming 賭博
    • Games That need a Western Release
    • News and Reviews
    • Gaming: Miscellaneous Topics