日本語のおしゃべり

Japanese Language
「Sentence Structure」

「A」食べ物が/はない/ありません。
Tabbemono ga/wa nai/arimasen
There isn't any food.

「B」通訳が/はいない/いません。
Tsūyaku ga/wa inai/imasen.
There is no interpreter.

The negative form of the verb aru or arimasu is nai (not aranai ) or arimasen, and the negative form of iru or imasu is inai or imasen. The particle wa is capable of replacing ga in a negative sentence if the speaker wishes to suggest that although one person or thing (marked by wa ) may be absent, other similar people or things are or will be present. In example, if wa is used instead of ga in sentence (A), the speaker could be suggesting that although there is no food, there are drinks (or something else), whereas if ga is used, they would be simply stating that there is or will be no food, period. Similarly, (B) with wa rather than ga could suggest that other professionals, besides interpreters, are or will be present (even though interpreters are or will not be), whereas with ga the implication is that an interpreter is what is missing-an emphatic statement. The particle mo can be used in a negative sentence to mean "either," in which case it replaces the subject-marker ga or the topic-marker wa.

Examples: 
おもしろいニュースがありません。
Omoshiroi nyūsu ga arimasen.
There isn't any interesting news.

観光客はいません。
Kankōkyaku wa imasen.
There aren't any tourists.

馬がいない。羊もいない。
Uma ga inai. Hitsuji mo inai.
There aren't any horses. There are no sheep, either.

Hope this was helpful!

じゃまたね！
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