Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Ni・に」 「Part 5」 「12」 Ni can be used to indicate the agent of a causative-passive verb (the person or thing performing the action): "by." Examples: 学生は先生に漢字を書かされました。 Gakusei wa sensei ni kanji o kakasaremashita. The students were made to write kanji by the teacher. 私は子供のとき、母に嫌いなな物も食べさせられました。 Watashi wa kodomo no toki, haha ni kirai na mono mo tabesaseraremashita. When I was a child, I was made to eat even things I disliked by my mother. 「 My mother made me eat food I didn't like.」 「13」 Ni can be used to join nouns (usually three or more): "and." NOTE: This usage of ni is an equivalent of to, but is more commonly found in writing, rather than speech. Examples: その会議に出席した人は、中国人に、近国人に、日本人だった。 Sono kaigi ni shusseki shita hito wa, chūgoku-jin ni, kankoku-jin ni, nihon-jin datta. The people attending the conference were Chinese, Korean, and Japanese. パーティーの飲み物は、日本酒に、ウイスキーに、ワインでした。 Pātī no nomimono wa, nihon-shu ni, uisukī ni, wain deshita. The drinks [available] at the party were sake, whiskey, and wine. 「14」 Ni can indicate a pair of people or things that are commonly mentioned together: ”and." Examples: ロメオにジュリエット。 Romeo ni Jurietto. Romeo and Juliet. 富士山に芸者。 Fuji-san ni geisha. Mt. Fuji and geisha. [a hackneyed phrase in reference to Japan] 「15」 Ni can also indicate the basis on which, or means by which, an action takes place (commonly used with the verbs motozuku (to be based on) and yoru (owing to) Examples: あの映画は有名な小説に基づいて作られました。 Ano eiga wa yūmei na shōsetsu ni motodzuite tsukuraremashita. The movie was [made] based on a famous novel. テレビの普及によって、外国の様子がよくわかるようになった。 Terebi no fukyū ni yotte, gaikoku no yōsu ga yoku wakaru yō ni natta. Thanks to the spread [owing to the spread] of television, we [now[ have a better understanding of conditions in foreign countries. This post finishes the particle ni, hope it was helpful, and see you again for the particle e・へ. じゃまたね! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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December 2020
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