日本語のおしゃべり

「Japanese Language」
「Sentence Structure」

The interrogative pronouns nani ("what"), and dare ("who") combine with the particle ka to mean "anything" or "anyone" respectively. Likewise, they can combine with the particle mo to mean "nothing" or "no one" in negative sentences. Nani ka (or nani mo) and dare ka (or dare mo) are usually sentence subjects, although they are not attended by the particle ga. Note that the words may modify the modified nouns that follow them, in which case their English translations can be known to vary. 

「A」Q: 何かありますか。
Nani ka arimasu ka.
Is there anything there？

A: いいえ、何もありません。
Iie, nani mo arimasen.
​No, there is nothing.

「B」Q: だれかいますか。
Dare ka imasu ka.
Is anybody there?

A: いいえ、だれもいません。
Iie, dare mo imasen.
No, there is nobody.

Examples:
Q: 棚の上に何かありますか。
Tana no ue ni nani ka arimasu ka.
Is there anything on the shelf?
A: ええ、丸い箱があります。
Ē marui hako ga arimasu.
Yes, there is a round box.

Q: 講堂にだれかいましたか。
Kōdō ni dare ka imashita ka.
Was there anybody in the auditorium?
A: いいえ、だれもいませんでした。
Iie, dare mo imasen deshita.
No, there wasn't anyone.

Q: その島に何か珍しい植物がありましたか。
Sono shima ni nani ka mezurashii shokubutsu ga arimashita ka.
Were there any rare plants on that island?
A: はい、熱帯植物がたくさんありました。
Hai, nettai-shokubutsu ga takusan arimashita.
Yes, there were many tropical plants.

Hope this helps!

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