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Auxiliaries Auxiliaries are adjuncts that are attached to the main verbs to give extra meanings. These are used to make various verb forms including polite, passive, causative, and potential. Certain verbs such as iru (exist) or morau (receive) may be used as auxiliries in conjunction with other verbs. 1. Chichi wa rokuji ni okimasu (polite) 父は六時におきます My father got up at six o' clock 2. Biru wa sakana o tabenai. (negative) ビルは魚を食べない。 Bill does not eat fish. 3.Sara wa sensei ni homerareta. (passive) サラは先生にほめられた。 Sarah was praised by her teacher. 4. Sensei wa gakusei ni kanji o kakaseru. (causative) 先生は学生に漢字を書かせる。 The teacher makes the students write kanji. 5. Hiragana wa sugu oboerareru. (potential) ひらがなはすぐ覚えられる。 I can learn hiragana easily. 6. Rainen kanada e ikitai. (desire) 来年カナダえ行きたい。 I want to go to Canada next year. 7. Ono-san wa Furansugo ga wakaru so da. (Hearsay) 小野さんはフランス語が分かるそうだ。 I hear that Miss Ono understands French. 8. Yamada-san wa ima hon o yonde iru. (progressive) 山田さんは今本を読んでいる。 Mr. Yamada is reading a book now.
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Copulas (Be-verbs) The Japanese copulas da (plain speech) and desu (polite speech) are the English equivalent of am, is, or are. 1. The A is B construction Yamada-san wa bengoshi da/desu. 山田さんは弁護士だ・です。 Mr Yamada is a lawyer. 2. As a substitute for other verbs (when the meaning is clear from the context) Watashi wa omuretsu da/desu. 私わオムレツだ・です。 I'll have an omelet. 水 [SUI, mizu - water] 水のようになることは、それは必ず到着したときに変更を受け入れるながら、適応性と態度で流体になることです。 Mizu no yō ni naru koto wa, sore wa kanarazu tōchaku shita toki ni henkō o ukeirerunagara, tekiō-sei to taido de ryūtai ni naru kotodesu. (To be like water is to be adaptable and fluid in demeanour, while being accepting of change when it invariably arrives.) Easy 「かんたん・Kantan」 (Kahn-tahn) 簡単 幸いなことに、このタスクは、ジョブに新しい誰かのために簡単です。 Saiwai na koto ni, kono tasuku wa, jobu ni atarashī dare ka no tame ni kantan desu. (Luckily this task is easy for someone new to the job.) じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Irregular Verbs There are only two irregular verbs in Japanese. Their dictionary forms are: kuru 来る come suru する do The verb suru is combined with nouns to make a noun into a verb, it is also attached to foreign loan words. benkyou 勉強 (study) benkyou suru 勉強する study yushutsu 輸出 (export) yushutsu suru 輸出する export doraibu ドライブ (drive) doraibu suru ドライブする drive dansu ダンス (dance) dansu suru ダンスする dance Regular II Verbs
The dictionary form of a regular II verb has a vowel (e or i) plus ru ending. -eru taberu 食べる eat -iru miru 見る see, look, watch Exceptions: Note that some verbs that end with eru/iru are regular I verbs, such as exampled below. Kaeru 帰る return hairu 入る enter iru 要る need hashiru 走る run kiru 切る cut shiru 知る know Kindness しんせつ・Shinsetsu (Sheen-Set-Sue) 親切 この世界は真剣に、より親切、と個人的な配慮を必要とします。 Kono sekai wa shinken ni, yori shinsetsu, to kojin-tekina hairyo o hitsuyō to shimasu. (This world seriously needs more kindness, and personal consideration.) じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° regress 「たいこう・Taikō」 (Tai-Koh) 退行 時にはそれが戻って昔の悪い習慣への退行ではないことは困難です。 Tokiniha sore ga modotte mukashi no warui shūkan e no taikō de wa nai koto wa kon'nan desu. (Sometimes it is hard to not regress back into old bad habits.) じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
AuthorKoyuuki Aihara Archives
February 2021
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