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「Japanese Language」 「Sentence Structure」 The te iru form of a verb, followed by the noun aida ("space"), indicates the time during which an action (expressed by another verb, at the end of the sentence) takes place. In this pattern the actions in the main clause and the subordinate clause (the aida clause) cover the same span of time. If aida is followed by the particle ni, it implies that the action in the main clause occurs within the time span of the action in the aida clause (examples 2, 3). Examples: 健二(さん)はアメリカにいる間、柔道を教えていた。 Kenji(-san) wa Amerika ni iru aida, jūdō o oshiete ita. Kenji was teaching judo (all the) while he was in America. 美佐子(さん)は子供が寝ている間に本を読みます。 Misako(-san) wa kodomo ga nete iru aida ni hon o yomimasu. Misako reads books while her children are sleeping. ブラウンさんは京都に住んでいる間に日本の生け花を習った。 Buraun-san wa Kyōto ni sunde iru ma ni Nihon no ikebana o naratta. Ms Brown learned Japanese flower arrangement while she lived in Kyoto. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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色 「6 Strokes」 「Shoku, Shiki, Iro・Color; Erotic Passion」 その色はあなたに落ち着いて見えますか？ Sono-iro wa anata ni ochitsuite miemasu ka? Does that color seem subdued to you? Other uses for色 好色「こうんしょく」Kōshoku ・Sensuality, Lust, Eroticism 原色「げんしょく」Genshoku・Primary Color 色紙「いろがみ」Irogami・Colored Paper 金色「きんいろ」Kin'iro, Kinshoku, Konshiki・Gold Color 「Alternates」 色紙「しきし」Shikishi・Type of Caligraphy Paper Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Yara・やら」 1．Joins nouns to indicate a non-exhaustive list of items: "such things as ...;and, what with." NOTE: This usage is essentially the same as ya, to ka, and dano, although these three are used more often in spoken Japanese. Examples: あの国の人たちは、戦争やら、インフレやらで大変でしょうね。 Ano kuni no hito-tachi wa, sensō yara, infure yara de taihen deshō ne. What with war, inflation, and the like, the people of that country must be having a hard time. その大学には、イギリス人やらフランス人やら、いろいろな国の人がいますよ。 Sono daigaku ni wa, igirisu-jin yara furansu-jin yara, iroiro na kuni no hito ga imasu yo. At that university there are people from various countries, such as England and France. 「Lit., ....such as Englishmen and Frenchmen.」 ２．Used with words of opposite meaning, or with positive and negative forms of the same word. Ka can replace yara in this usage, but the latter is softer in tone: "whether, whether or not." 久美ちゃんはこのお菓子が好きなのやら、嫌いなのやら何も言わないんです。 Kumi-chan wa kono okashi ga suki na no yara, kirai na no yara nani mo iwanai-n desu. Kumi doesn't say anything about whether she likes or dislikes this candy. 「Kumi won't say whether she likes the candy or not.」 パーティーに行くのやら行かないのやら、はっきりして下さい。 Pātī ni iku no yara ikanai no yara, hakkiri shite kudasai. Please make it clear [say, make up your mind, decide] whether or not you are going to the party. Continuing in part 2！ Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 実 「8 Strokes」 「Jitsu・Truth, Actuality・Mi・Fruit, Nut・Mino(ru)・Bear fruit」 真実ということですか？ Shinjitsu to iu koto desu ka? Is that the truth? Other uses for 実 事実「じじつ」Jijitsu ・Fact 実用「じつよう」Jitsuyō・Practical use 口実「こうじつ」Kōjitsu・Excuse, Pretext 実力「じつりょく」Jitsuryoku・ Actual ability, Competence 実行「じっこう」Jikkō ・Put into practice, Carry out, Realize Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 If there are two subjects in a sentence involving a verb followed by toki, the one in the subordinate clause (the toki clause) is marked by the particle ga, and the other one in the main clause by wa. Examples: 私がパリへ行く時に和夫さんはロンドンへ行きます。 Watashi ga Pari e iku toki ni Kazuko-san wa Rondon e ikimasu. When I go to Paris, Kazuko will go to London. 私が風呂に入っている/入っていた時に電話が鳴った。 Watashi ga furo ni haitte iru/haitte ita toki ni denwa ga natta. When I was taking a bath, the telephone rang. フランク がビルを出た時に車の事故が起こった。 Furanku ga biru o deta toki ni kuruma no jiko ga okotta. When Frank left the building, a car accident occured. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vneg + reru/rareru・れる・られる」 ”Be -ed." Vneg reru/rareru expresses the passive form. Reru is attached to regular I verbs and rareru to regular II verbs. The irregular verbs kuru and suru become korareu and sareru. All passive verbs are regular II verbs. There are two types of passives in Japanese:: direct and indirect. The direct passive is similar to the English passive in which the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence (Example 1). The agent (performer of the action) takes the particle ni. The agent may be omitted when it is not important or unknown (Example 2). In the indirect passive, the person who becomes the subject of the passive sentence is the one who is adversely affected by someone else's action or an unpleasant event (Example 3). For this passive, both transitive and intransitive verbs may be used (Examples 3, 4 and 5). Examples: 時々トムはジムにだまされる。 Tokidoki Tomu wa Jimu ni damasareru. Sometimes Tom is deceived by Jim. あそこにビルが建てられます。 Asoko ni biru ga tateraremasu. A building will be built over there. 私は弟にパイを食べられました。 Watashi wa otōto ni pai o taberaremashita. I had my pie eaten by my younger brother. ゴルフ場で雨に降られました。 Gorufujō de ame ni furaremashita. We were rained on at the golf course. 私は秋子さんに突然うちへ来られました。 Watashi wa Akiko-san ni totsuzen uchi e koraremashita. Akiko came to my home unexpectedly (and I was unhappy). Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adj te + irassharu・ていらっしゃる」 To make an honorific expression The te form of an i- or a na-adjective followed by the verb irassharu which constitutes an honorific expression that shows respect to the person it is directed to-usually the speaker's superior (one who is older or of higher social status than the speaker). The respect conveyed by irassharu extends to the listener's family members as well. Irasshaimasu is the polite form of irassharu. Examples: 矢野さんのお子さんはかしこくていらっしゃる。 Yano-san no okosan wa kashikokute irassharu. Mr. Yano's child is bright. 社長はゴルフがお上手でいらっしゃいます。 Shachō wa gorufu ga o-jōzude irasshaimasu. Our company president is good at golf. お母様はお元気でいらっしゃいますか。 O-kāsama wa o-genki de irasshaimasu ka. Is your mother well? Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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December 2020
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