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風 (Fū, [FU] - wind; appearance, style, kaze, [kaza] - wind) 谷を横切って吹く涼しい風がさわやかです。 Tani o yokogitte fuku suzushī kaze ga sawayakadesu. [The cool wind that blows across the valley is refreshing.]
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Usage of verb forms Conjunctive form Examples of Vconj+masu Tomu wa mainichi toshokan e ikimasu. トムは毎日図書館へ行きます。 Tom goes to the library everyday Ashita Tanaka-san wa kimasen. 明日田中さんは来ません。 Miss Tanaka won't come tomorrow. Chichi wa sakki made koko ni imashita. 父はさっきまでここにいました。 My father was here a while ago. Sumisu-san wa kinō gorugu o shimasen deshita. スミスさんは昨日ゴルフをしませんでした。 Mr. Smith did not play golf yesterday. 中 「Chū - middle; (short for) China -CHū, Jū - throughout, during, within naka - inside, midst」 インタビューの途中で電話に答えるために良い時間ではありません。 Intabyū no tochū de denwa ni kotaeru tame ni yoi jikande wa arimasen. 「The middle of an interview is not a good time to answer a phone call. 」 質素「Shisso/Frugal」 「She-s-So」 徹底的に質素であることは、有用な形質である緊急時にあなたの不利益にその理想的に従わないように注意してくださいすることができます。 Tetteiteki ni shissodearu koto wa, yūyōna keishitsudearu kinkyū tokini anata no furieki ni sono risō-teki ni shitagawanai yō ni chūi shite kudasai suru koto ga dekimasu. 「Being thoroughly frugal can be a useful trait, be careful to not follow that ideal to your detriment during emergencies. 」 Usage of verb forms [Sentence Patterns] 1.1 Vconju + masuます "do/will do," "there is/will be" Vconj masu expresses actions or states which regularly takes place/exists or will take place/exist. The auxiliary masu makes the tone of speech polite. 苦もん 「kumon, anguish」 「Kooh-moh-n」 戦いに敗れたものの苦もんは触知可能です。 Tatakai ni yabureta mono no kumon wa shokuchi kanōdesu. 「The Anguish of those defeated in battle is palpable.」 小 [SHŌ, chii(sai), ko-, o - little, small] 成功のための小さなチャンスは、まだしようとする理由の十分です。 Seikō no tame no chīsana chansu wa, mada shiyou to suru riyū no jūbundesu. (Small chances for success, is still enough of a reason to try.) Irregular Verbs Only two irregular verbs exist in Japanese. Kuru 来る (come) and suru する (do). The suru-verb which is a combination of a noun and suru, e.g. denwa suru 電話する (make a phone call), conjugates in the same way as suru. 大 [DAI, TAI, Ō(kii), Ō- - big, large Ō(i ni) - very much, greatly] 彼らは大規模なお祝いのためにあったようにヴァイキングは、彼らの暴力のために同じくらい知られていました。 Karera wa ōkibona oiwai no tame ni atta yō ni vu~aikingu wa, karera no bōryoku no tame ni onaji kurai shira rete imashita. (The vikings were known just as much for their violence, as they were for their large celebrations.) Verbs converted from regular I verbs When regular I verbs take the potential verb form, the become regular II verbs with an -eru ending. This form, expressing competence or ability, is made by adding -ru to the stem of the conditional form [4th base] of regular I verbs (E.g. kake[ba] --- kakeru 書ける [can write]). All potential verbs are regular II verbs. 本 [HON - book; origin; main; this; MOTO - origin ] (Also used for counting long thin objects; E.g. Pencils) 本の読書は、あなたの知的視野を広げるための良い方法です。 Hon no dokusho wa, anata no chiteki shiya o hirogeru tame no yoi hōhōdesu. (Book reading is a good way to broaden your intellectual horizons.) 多様性 (Tayōsei, Diversity) [Tae-youh-saey] スキルの多様性は、あなたが望む仕事を得るために重要です。 Sukiru no tayōsei wa, anata ga nozomu shigoto o eru tame ni jūyōdesu. (Diversity of skills is important to getting the job you desire.) Regular II Verbs Verb Stem The Dictionary form of a regular II verb has a vowel (e or i ), plus a -ru ending. [E.g. taberu 食べる eat; miru 見る see, look, watch. ] The conjugations of these verbs are easier to remember. Unlike the conjugations of regular I verbs, they do not conjugate on the five bases of the Japanese Syllabary chart. The regular II verbs with -iru enbding conjugate only on the second/I base and those with -eru ending conjugate only on the fourth/E base of the syllabary chart. Although, you need not know which row a verb belongs to or which bases it conjugates on. All that is needed is to drop the -ru ending and add an appropriate ending to the stem. 見習う [Minarau, Emulate] (Mii-nah-rah-ooh) 子どもたちは、彼らが見るものを見習うしたいとどのようにそれは面白いです。 Kodomo-tachi wa, karera ga miru mono o minarau shitai todo no yō ni sore wa omoshiroidesu. [It is interesting how children like to emulate things they see.] 土 [DO, TO, TSUCHI, - earth, soil, ground] そしてゆっくりと、土壌が開いて分割し、それらを全体のとりこに。 Soshite yukkuri to, dojō ga aite bunkatsu shi, sorera o zentai no toriko ni. [And slowly, the soil split open, and devoured them whole.] TE, TA, TARA, TARI Verb Forms 1. TE Form: functions as conjunction among other usages. [E.g. Hon o karite yomu. 本を借りて読む。（I borrow books and read them.)] 2.TA Form: is the past tense in plain speech. [Hon o Karita. 本を借りた。 (I borrowed a book.)] 3. TARA Form: is a conditional conjugation. [Hon o karitara. 本を借りたら。 (If/when I borrow a book.)] 4. TARI Form: followed by suru indicates alternative or indefinite number of action or events. [Hon o karitari suru. 本を借りたりする。 (I do things like borrowing books and~; or, I sometimes borrow books and sometimes.~)] 金 (Kin, Kon - gold; metal; money Kane - money [Kana] - metal) 私が今まで日本、私が訪問したいと思う最初の場所に住んで取得した場合、京都の金閣寺です。 Watashi ga imamade Nihon, watashi ga hōmon shitai to omou saisho no basho ni sunde shutoku shita baai, Kyōto no kinkakujidesu. (If I ever get to live in Japan, the first place I want to visit, is Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto.) Conjugation The five bases of conjugation 1.Negative base: is used in creating the plain negative form of a verb by adding nai (E.g. Tegami o kakanai. [手紙を書かない。] I don' write letters.) 2.Conjunctive base: Functions as the conjunction "and." (E.g. Shi o kaki, sho o yomu. [詩を書き、詩を読む。] I write poems, and read them.) 3. Dictionary base: is the thor that is used as the plain style of speech. (E.g. Shi o kaku. [所を書く。] I write poems.) 4.Conditional/imperative base: used in creating the conditional form by adding ba. (E.g. Tegami o kakeba. [手買いを書けば。] If I write a letter.) The base is also the imperative form of a verb which is used as a command in very abrupt male speech. (E.g. Tegami o kake. [手紙を書け。] Write a letter!) 5.Volitional base: created via the use of a long o sound at the end of the final vowel. (E.g. Tegami wo kakou. [手紙を書こう。] I will write a letter.) 木 [Boku, Moku, Ki, (Ko) - Tree; wood] この森の中の木は古い数千年です。 Kono mori no naka no ki wa furui sū sen-nendesu. (The trees in this forest are thousands of years old.) Transitive and Intransitive Verbs A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning. It usually expresses and action done by subject to the object. An intransitive verb does not require a direct object. Intransitive verbs express an action or state related to the subject of the sentence. Transative: Watashi wa o-cha o nomu. 私はお茶を飲む。 I drink tea. Intransitive: Watashi wa toshokan made aruku. 私は図書館まで歩く。 I walk to the Library. NOTE: Some English transitive verbs are intransitive in Japanese. Tomu wa Nihongo ga wakaru. トムは日本語が分かる。 Tom understands Japanese. (To Tom, Japanese is understandable.) Koko kara umi ga mieru. ここから海が見える。 We can see the ocean from here. (From here the Ocean is visible.) |
AuthorKoyuuki Aihara Archives
February 2021
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