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Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Kinds Of Adverbs」 「Part 5」 「Adverbs Used As Verbs」 Some Adverbs, particularly those that express manner of action or human emotion, combine with the verb suru to form verbs. 温泉で二、三日ゆっくりしました。 Onsen de ni-sannichi yukkuri shimashita. We spent a few days leisurely at a hot spring. 電車が遅れていらいらした。 Densha ga okurete iraira shita. The train was late, so I got irritated. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Negative Verb Form」 「Vneg + nakereba naranai・なければならない」 "have to," "must" Vneg nakereba naranai expresses the idea of obligation or duty. Nakereba narimasen is the polite style of speech. Examples: 日本語で作文を書かなければならない。 Nihongo de sakubun o kakanakereba naranai. I have to write a composition in Japanese. この品物は火曜日までに届けなければなりません。 Kono shinamono wa kayōbi made ni todokenakereba narimasen. We must deliver this article by Tuesday. 試合があるから、毎日練習しなければならない。 Shiai ga aru kara, Mainichi renshū shinakereba naranai. Because we'll have a tournament, we have to practice every day. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 青 「8 Strokes」 「Sei, [Sho], Ao(i), Ao・Blue, Green; Unripe」 あのシャツは濃い青です。 Ano shatsu wa koi ao desu. That shirt is a deep blue. Other uses for青 青空「あおぞら」Aozora・Blue sky 青物「あおもの」Aomono・Green vegetables 青年「せいねん」Seinen・Young man/people 青少年「せいしょうねん」Seishōnen・Young people, Youth 青空市場「あおぞらいちば」Aozora Ichiba・Open-air market Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The dictionary form of a verb, followed by the phrase bakari de naku ... (mo) ("not only ... but also ...") is used to make an additional statement about the statement of the sentence, and to deny that what is stated in the first part of the sentence (up until bakari) is the entire truth. NOTE: The ta form should be used in place of the dictionary form before bakari if one is speaking about past actions or events (example 3). Examples: 彼女はピアノを弾くばかりでなく作曲もします。 Kanojo wa piano o hiku bakari de naku sakkyoku mo shimasu. She not only plays the piano, but also composes. あの人はよく食べるばかりでなくよく飲む。 Ano hito wa yoku taberu bakari de naku yoku nomu. He not only eats a lot but drinks a lot. 今日は買い物をしたばかりでなく映画もみました。 Kyō wa kaimono o shita bakari de naku eiga mo mimashita. Today, not only did I do some shopping, I also saw a movie. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Toshite・として」 １．Indicates status or position: "in the capacity of, as." NOTE: Contrast with o. Examples: ショパンは、ポーランドの作曲家として有名です。 Shopan wa, pōrando no sakkyokka to shite yūmei desu. Chopin is a famous Polish composer. こちらが、交換学生として日本へ来たホワイトさんです。 Kochira ga, kōkan gakusei to shite Nihon e kita Howaito-san desu. This is Ms. White, who as come to Japan as an exchange student. ２．Used with "one" and counters incorporating "one": "without exception." Examples: あの人たちのする仕事は、１つとしていいものがないんです。 Ano hitotachi no suru shigoto wa, hitotsu toshite ii mono ga nai-n desu. You can't say one good thing about the work they do. 「Lit., [Of] the work those people do, there is not one good thing.」 課長はマージャンに、1度として勝ったことがありません。 Kachō wa mājan ni, 1-do to shite katta koto ga arimasen. The section chief has never once won at Majong. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Types Of Adverbs」 「Part 4」 「Special Expressions」 As mentioned earlier, some Japanese adverbs are used for special expressions. These expressions vary considerably but can be rougly grouped according to their functions or the notions they express. 1. 「Negative」 この問題はさっぱりわからない。 Kono mondai wa sappari wakaranai. I don't understand this problem at all. ２．「Interrogative」 なぜ食べないのですか。 Naze tabenai no desu ka. Why don't you eat? ３．「Conditional」 もし雨が降ったら行きません。 Moshi ame ga futtara ikimasen. If it rains, I won't go. ４．「Desire」 ぜひあの車を買いたい。 Zehi ano kuruma o kaitai. I definitely want to buy that car. ５．「Conjecture」 電車はたぶん遅れるでしょう。 Densha wa tabun okureru deshō. The train will probably be delayed. ６．「Resemblance」 まるで春のように暖かいですね。 Marude haru no yō ni atatakai desu ne. It's so warm, it's like spring, isn't it? Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vneg + nakereba/nakattara なければ・なかったら」 "If~not" Vneg nakereba/nakattara expresses a negative condition. Examples: 急がなければ・なかったら、間に合わないよ。 Isoganakereba/nakattara, ma ni awanai yo. If you don't hurry, you won't be in time. きりが晴れなければ・なかったら、飛行機は飛びません。 Kiri ga harenakereba/nakattara, hikōki wa tobimasen. If the fog doesn't clear up, the airplane won't fly. 社長が許可しなければ・なかったら、このプロジェクトは出来ません。 Shachō ga kyoka shinakereba nakattara, kono purojekuto wa dekimasen. If the company president doesn't give permission, we cannot do this project. Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Types of Adverbs」 「Part 3」 「Onomatopoeic Words」 Onomatopoeic words are words that imitate natural sounds (giseigo) or describe actions, manners or states (gitaigo). In Japanese, they are used as adverbs to describe circumstances. １．Giseigo (sound-imitating words) 「Sound of rain」 雨がざあざあふっている。 Ame ga zāzā futte iru. The rain is pouring down. ２．Gitaigo (words that decribe actions, manners or states) 「Manner of smiling」 子供がにこにこ笑っている。 Kodomo ga nikoniko waratte iru. The child is smiling cheerfully. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Dokoro・どころ」 １．Emphasizes a negative action or state as against the impossibility of a contrasting positive action or state: "it is out of the question, unthinkable, far from." Examples: この頃は仕事が忙しくて、旅行に行くどころではない。 Konogoro wa shigoto ga isogashikute, ryokō ni iku dokorode wa nai. I've been so busy lately, taking a trip is unthinkable. あの人は秀才どころの話じゃなくて、まるで天才ですね。 Ano hito wa shūsai dokoro no hanashi ja nakute, maru de tensai desu ne. It is not a matter of him being brilliant, he is an absolute genius. ２．In the form dokoro ka, negates the first of two parallel nouns: "far from; not merely." 普通は１時間ぐらいかかるが、昨日は道が混んでいて、１時間どころか３時間もかかった。 Futsū wa ichi-jikan gurai kakaruga, kinō wa michi ga konde ite, ichi-jikan dokoro ka san-jikan mo kakatta. Ordinarily it takes an hour, but yesterday the roads were so crowded that, far from one hour, it took three. あの人は英語どころか、フランス語もよくできますよ。 Ano hito wa Eigo dokoro ka, Furansu-go mo yoku dekimasu yo. He is good not merely at English, but at French as well. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The tari form of a verb (formed by adding ri to the ta form) is used repeatedly within a sentence, with the final occurrence accompanied by the verb suru ("do"), to express a number of alternative or indefinite actions in no particular sequence. A sentence with this pattern means, in essence, "do such things as ..." Examples: 彼はゆうべバーで飲んだり、食べたり、歌ったりした。 Kare wa yūbe bā de nondari, tabetari, utattari shita. Last night at the bar, they did things like drink, eat, and sing. 和田さんは週末に車を洗ったり、芝生を刈ったりします。 Wada-san wa shūmatsu ni kuruma o arattari, shibafu o kattari shimasu. On the weekends, Mr. Wada does things like wash his car and mow the lawn. リサは東京で日本映画を見たり、美術館へ行ったりした。 Risa wa Tōkyō de Nihon eiga o mitari, bijutsukan e ittari shita. In Tokyo, Lisa watched Japanese movies and went to art museums (and did other things there too). Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vneg+nakatta・なかった」 "Did not do," "There was not." Vneg nakatta is the past tense of Vneg nai. The copula desu may be added to make the speech polite. Examples: 去年は富士山に登らなかった(です)。 Kyonen wa Fuji-san ni noboranakatta (desu). I did not climb Mt. Fuji last year. 私は雅子さんに写真を見せなかったです。 Watashi wa Masako-san ni shashin o misenakatta (desu). I did not show the photos to Masako. わがチームは優勝しなかったです。 Waga chīmu wa yūshō shinakatta (desu). Our team did not win the Championship. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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