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Japanese Language Particles 「Part 11」 「GA・が」 「Part 9」 7) Ga can be used idiomatically after contrastive verbs or adjectives: "whether or not." a) After the -ō forms of contrastive verbs or adjectives Examples: 私は助かろう「たすかろう」が死のう「しのう」がかまいません。 Watashi wa tasukarō ga shinō ga kamaimasen. I don't care whether or not I live [lit., am saved] or die. 篤かろ「あつかろう」うが寒かろう「さむかろう」が私は大丈夫「だいじょうぶ」です。 Atsukarō ga samukarō ga watashi wa daijōbu desu. I'm all right [ it doesn't bother me] whether it's hot or cold. b) Ga is used after the -ō and -mai forms of the same verb Examples: 私が行こう「いこう」が行くまい「いくまい」が、あなたには関係「かんけい」ないことです。 Watashi ga ikō ga ikumai ga, anata ni wa kankei nai koto desu. Whether I go or not has nothing to do with you [ is not your concern]. 田中さん「たなかさん」が信じよう「しんじよう」が信じまい「しんじまい」が、ぼくははっきりとUFOをみました。 Tanaka-san ga shinjiyō ga shinjimai ga, boku wa hakkiri to yūfō o mimashita. Whether Tanaka believes it or not, I clearly saw a UFO. 8) Ga can be used with the expression V[verb]+ga hayai ka "as soon as, no sooner had." Examples: 窓「まど」を開ける「あける」が早いか「はやいか」、猫「ねこ」がとびこんできた。 Mado o akeru ga hayai ka, neko ga tobikonde kita. No sooner had the window been opened than the cat jumped in./As soon as I opened the window, the cat jumped in. 横「よこ」になるがはやいか、すぐ眠って「ねむって」しまった。 Yoko ni naru ga hayai ka, sugu nemutte shimatta. No sooner had I lain down than I fell asleep./I fell asleep as soon as my head hit the pillow. With this entry ends the information of the Japanese particle Ga・が. The next entry will pertain to the particle of Mo・も, and all its applicable uses. Thank you for your time, and hope this was informative. °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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七 (Shichi, nana(tsu), nana-, [nano-] - Seven) 七あなたの好きな番号がありますか？ Nana anata no sukina bangō ga arimasu ka? (Is seven your favorite number?) Other uses for 七 七人、「しちにん」、Shichinin・Seven people 七岡、「ななおか」、Nanaoka・Seven days; 7th of the month 七メートル、nana mētoru (Nana mētoru)・Seven meters 七五三、「しちごさん」、Shichi-go-san・Festival for 3-, 5-, and 7-year olds （Nov, 15） °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Supreme 「Saikō・さいこう」 「Sai-Koh」 最高 野球であなたのスキルは最高「さいこう」です。 Yakyū de anata no sukiru wa saikō desu. (Your skills in baseball are supreme.) (-^〇^-) こゆうきあいはら (-^〇^-) Wonderful 「Subarashi・すばらし」 「sue-ba-ra-shee」 素晴らし 天気わ今日素晴らし「すばらし」です。 Tenki wa kyou subarashi desu. 「The weather is wonderful today.」 こゆうきあいはら Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Part 10」 「GA・が」 「Part 8」 「５」Ga can be put at the end of a sentence. Note: These usages are similar to the examples for preliminary remarks, except the second clause isn't stated outright (Words in brackets show only one of various contexts) Examples: a) Used to imply unstated meaning that contrasts "Well, yes, but...." おっしゃることはもっともですが.... Ossharu koto wa mottomo desu ga.... What you say is quite right, but...[it's difficult to implement now]. b) Also used when wanting to soften the blow of a refusal: "I am sorry, but...." 部長「ぶちょう」今会議中「いまかいぎ」でございますが..... Buchō wa ima kaigi-chū de gozaimasu ga... The division chief is in a meeting now....[so you'll have to wait to see him]. 「６」When ga is used at the end of a sentence or clause, and preceded by to ii, it indicates that the speaker wants the event to come out as said. Context is important with this, distinction: "It would be nice if; it would have been nice if." Examples: 来年外国「らいねんがいこく」へ旅行「りょこう」できるといいが、だめのようです。 Rainen gaikoku e ryokō dekiru to ii ga, dame no yō desu. It would be nice if I could make a trip abroad next year, but it seems as though I can't [seems impossible]. 早く「はやく」春「はる」が来るといいんだが。 Hayaku haru ga kuru to ii-n da ga. It would be nice if spring came soon./I hope spring comes soon. 彼女「かのじょ」が独身「どくしん」だといいんだが。 Kanojo ga dokushin da to ii-n da ga. I hope she is single./(or knowing she is not) I wish she was single. ( ´•౪•`) こゆうきあいはら ( ´•౪•`) The Samurai 武士 「Part 1」 「Mounted Warriors and Servitude」 It is commonly believed that the Samurai showed up in history in the 12th century, however, that is not entirely correct. While Samurai as they are currently known in popular culture, and historical representations appeared in the 12th century, the precursor, which is what led directly to the Samurai first appeared sometime in the 8th century A.D. With the creation of the Taiho reforms in 702 A.D. which was used in order to create an army of conscripted peasants, the leaders of these regiments were elite mounted archers, who are the forerunners of what we now know of as, Samurai. These elite archers were below the emperor, but above the peasants with whom they commanded in battle. As time went on, this group of warriors was given more and more power by the government, which invariably led to, through various circumstances throughout the years to the creation of the class of Samurai as we know them currently. Originally, these warriors, and those who served under them were conscripted in order to fight a population of natives that lived in Northeast Japan, commonly know as the emishi by the Nara court. After a defeat by theses warriors in 774 A.D. due to their use of guerrilla tactics, light armor, and curved blades, (which were later adopted by what would later be known as the samurai) they were defeated 22 years later in 796. When this victory was secured, the leader who brought about this victory was given the title of sei-i-tai shogun 「Great Barbarian-Subduing General」. In 792, before the defeat of the emishi, the conscription system was altered, in which permanent officers called kondei (Strong youth) were recruited by the Nara court whom were young sons of the class of landowners. These kondei were mounted warriors that, wore armor, used a bow, and sword, who were supported by two grooms which functioned as foot soldiers. Through the years, these kondei slowly yet surely started to gain more power politically. At the start, they were simply the elite military arm of the Nara court, with that they passed their military traditions and wealth to their sons. With their function to be called in to settle disputes with rival district landowners. The acquisition of political power, and the usage of the name Samurai first began. Due to the outbreak of plagues and famine, along with deep resentment of the centralized government, the landowners were given more power in order to maintain their own armies of horsemen in which to deal with civil unrest at the local level. This led to the first use of the term Samurai was in order to describe these elite fighters whom worked for the landowners. Samurai means "those who serve," which expresses their loyalty to these warriors' lords. This loyalty that existed in concert with a system of conduct was developed into a formalized honor code which later became known as bushido "the way of the warrior." The 11th century was the true beginning of the power of the samurai, a warrior could not take up a bow in the defense of the Emperor, if he could not prove his Samurai lineage. Ancestral pedigree was paramount to the Samurai, so much so that they would recite a list of their ancestors before engaging in combat. Also of note was that without this blood lineage, military prowess meant markedly less than it would if you could prove your validity through your family and their noble ancestry. ( ´•౪•`) こゆうきあいはら ( ´•౪•`) Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Part 8」 Usage of Adjectives 「Noun modifiers」 「Part 1」 Adjective＋Noun「Adj+N」 Examples: Akai hana、赤い花「あかいはな」・Red flower Nigiyakana Machi、賑やかな町「にぎやかなまち」・Bustling city Note: In which the I- or Na- adjective modifies the noun that follows it. It is possible for two or more adjectives to modify a singular noun, similar to English. Examples: Aoi sora、青い空「あおいそら」・Blue sky Shiroi Kumo、白い雲「しろいくも」・White cloud Kiiroi ribon、黄色いリボン「きいろいリボン」・Yellow Ribbon Kireina e、きれいな絵「きれいなえ」・Pretty picture Azayakana iro、鮮やかな色「あざやかないろ」・Bright color Daijina koto、大事なこと「だいじなこと」・Important matter Ōkii shiroi ie、大きい、白い家「おおきい、しろいいいえ」・Big, white house Kireina, akai kutsu、きれいな、赤いくつ「きれいなあかいくつ」・Pretty, red shoes Sunaona, kashikoi kodomo、素直な、かしこい子供「すなおなかしこいこども」・Obedient, smart child ∩`･◇･) こゆうきあいはら ∩`･◇･) Cute 「Kawaii・かわいい」 「Kah-Wai-Ee」 可愛い Kawaī nuigurumi wa saikōdesu. かわいいぬいぐるみは最高です。 「Cute plushies are the best.」 こゆうきあいはら Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Part 4」 「Relative clauses」 Relative clauses, otherwise known as noun-modifying clauses precede the nouns which they modify. In Japanese, there are no relative pronoun equivalents to the English words of 'which,' 'that,' or 'who.' In Japanese, adjectives can appear in any tense in the predicate of a relative clause, this is also applicable to Japanese verbs. Examples: Samukunai hi wa niwa de hatarakimasu. 寒くない「さむくない」ひは庭「にわ」で働きます「はたらきます」 On the days that are not cold, I work in the yard. Tanoshikatta natsuyasumi ga owatta. 楽しかった「たのしかった」夏休み「なつやすみ」が終わった「おわった」 The summer vacation that was enjoyable ended. Genki datta koinu ga kyū ni shinda. 元気「げんき」だった子犬「こいぬ」が急「きゅう」に死んだ「しんだ」 The puppy that had been healthy died suddenly. (*^｡^*) こゆうきあいはら (*^｡^*) Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Part 8」 「Levels of Speech」 「Part 3」 「Noun＋No＋Noun」 With this, a noun followed by the particle no, it forms a phrase that modifies the noun that follows it. The usage of no is also applicable with the use of pronouns: Watashi no 私の (My), Anata no あなたの (Your), kare no 彼の (His), Kanojo no 彼女の (Her), and Karera no 彼らの (Their). However, in Japanese, pronoun forms are usually avoided unless there is a specific reason. Examples: Nhongo no hon、日本語の本、「にほんごのほん」・A book in/on Japanese Gakkō no sensei、学校の先生「がっこうのせんせい」・A school teacher Watashi no namae、私の名前「わたしのなまえ」・My name Note: The particle no can also be added to a noun phrase which already uses a different particle Examples: Tomodachi kara no tegami 友達からの手紙「ともだちからのてがみ」 A letter from my friend. Shikago de no shigoto シカゴでの仕事「シカゴでのしごと」 A job in Chicago. ( ´•౪•`) こゆうきあいはら ( ´•౪•`) Quality 「Hinshitsu・ひんしつ」 「Heen-shee-Tsu」 品質 Hinshitsu wa, shin no purofesshonaru no mākudesu. 品質「ひんしつ」は、真のプロフェッショナルのマークです。 「Quality is the mark of a true professional.」 ( •˓◞•̀ ) こゆうきあいはら ( •˓◞•̀ ) Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Part 7」 「More Modifiers」 「Part 2」 「”Special" Adjectives」 This grouping of "special" adjectives does not require conjugation, and are only used as noun modifiers. Examples: Aru hi、 ある日「あるひ」・A certain day Tonda sainan、とんだ災難「とんださいなん」・A terrible misfortune Taishita gakusha、大した学者「たいしたがくしゃ」・A great scholar Sugureta hon、すぐれた本「すぐれたほん」・An excellent book Arayuru shudan、あらゆる手段「あらゆるしゅだん」・Every possible means Naki chichi、亡き父「なこちち」・My late Father （＾⊆＾） こゆうきあいはら （＾⊆＾） |
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