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的 「8 Strokes」 「Teki・(Attributive suffix); Target・Mato・Target」 これは一時的な失敗です。 Kore wa ichijiteki na shippai desu. This is only a temporary setback． Other uses for 的 理想的「りそうてき」Risōteki・Ideal 目的「もくてき」Mokuteki・Purpose, aim, goal 民主的「みんしゅてき」Minshuteki・Democratic 自発的「じはつてき」Jihatsuteki・Voluntary, spontaneous Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The particle noni following the dictionary form of a verb indicates the purpose or intention for which an action is taken or a condition exists. It means "to" or "in order to" and implies a process. Examples: 日本語で作文を書くのに辞書が要ります。 Nihongo de sakubun o kaku noni jisho ga irimasu. I need a dictionary to write compositions in Japanese. ここから空港へ行くのに1時間かかる。 Koko kara kūkō e iku no ni ichi-jikan kakaru. It takes me one hour to get to the airport from here. ここは住むのにいいと所です。 Koko wa sumu noni ii tokoro desu. This is a good place to live. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Yori・より」 「Part 2」 ５．Indicates a place or position from which an action occurs: "from." Examples: 電車がまいりますから、白線より後ろに下がってお待ちください。 Densha ga mairimasu kara, hakusen yori ushiro ni sagatte omachi kudasai. A train is coming, so please step back from the white line and wait. 「A train is arriving. Please wait behind the white line.」 ６．Indicates a cause, reason, or motivation: "as a result of." Examples: 先月の市場調査より次のような結果が明らかになった。 Sengetsu no shijō-chōsa yori tsugi no yō na kekka ga akiraka ni natta. As a result of last month's market research, the following results have come to light. 河川の汚染より伝染病が発生した。 Kasen no osen yori densen-byō ga hassei shita. Infectious diseases have broken out as a result of [due to] polluted rivers. ７．In the form yori hoka nai, indicates a limiting of choices to one only: "there is nothing else but." Examples: ここまでやったんですから、終わりまでやるとりほかないでしょう。 Koko made yatta-n desu kara, owari made yaru tori hoka nai deshō. Since we've done this much, there is nothing else to do but to finish it. 「Since we've come this far, we'll just have to finish it.」 停電だから、電気がつくまで待っているよりほかない。 Teiden da kara, denki ga tsuku made matte iru yori hoka nai. Because it's power failure, there is nothing else to do but wait till the electricity comes on. 「Since there's been a power outage, we'll simply have to wait until the electricity comes on.」 Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Types of Adverbs」 「Part 6」 「Adverbial Position」 The position of an adverb in a sentence is relatively free as long as it is placed before the word it modifies. 会議はもうすぐ始まります。 Kaigi wa mō sugu hajimarimasu. もうすぐ会議ははじまります。 Mō sugu kaigi wa hajimarimasu. The meeting will begin soon. However, it is better placed near the word it modifies when the sentence is at all complex. (Correct) 事業に失敗しても、彼は決してくじけない。 Jigyō ni shippai shite mo, kare wa kesshite kujikenai. Even if he fails in his work, he will never lose heart. (Incorrect) 決して事業に失敗しても、彼はくじけない。 Kesshite jigyō ni shippai shite mo, kare wa kujikenai. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vneg + nakute・なくて」 ”do not do ~ and ~," "because ~ do not do ~" Vneg nakute is the negative te form of the verb and indicates a cause or reason for an action or event. Examples: 飛行機が帝国に着かなくて宴会に遅れました。 Hikōki ga teikoku ni tsukanakute enkai ni okuremashita. The airplane didn't arrive on schedule, and I was late for the banquet 漢字が覚えられなくて困る。 Kanji ga oboerarenakute komaru. Because I can't memorize kanji, I'm in trouble. 宿題を提出しなくて先生に叱られました。 Shukudai o teishutsu shinakute sensei ni shikararemashita. I did not hand in my homework and was scolded by my teacher. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 情 「11 Strokes」 「Jō, [Sei], nasa(ke)・Emotion, Sympathy」 感情は混乱を招くことがあります。 Kanjō wa konran o maneku koto ga arimasu. Emotions can be a confusing thing. Other uses for 情 人情「にんじょう」Ninjō・Human feelings; Humanity 同情「どうじょう」Dōjō・Sympathy 無情「むじょう」Mujō・Heartlessness, Callousness 事情「じじょう」Jijō・Circumstances, Situation 実情「じつじょう」Jitsujō・Actual situation, The facts Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 「Part 6」 「Stating Purpose, Cause, and Reason」 The combination of the particle ni after the stem of the masu form of a verb, and a motion verb such as iku ("go"), kuru ("come"), kaeru ("return"), hairu ("enter"), or deru ("leave"), expresses the idea of "go to do something," "come to do something," etc. This idea can also be expressesd with ni coming after a noun (instead of after the stem of the masu form of a verb) that refers to an activity, such as kaimono ("shopping"), or kankō ("sightseeing"; example 3). Examples: ジャクソンさんはコーヒーを飲みに喫茶店に入った。 Jakuson-san wa kōhī o nomi ni kissaten ni haitta. Mr. Jackson entered a coffee shop to drink coffee OR ジャクソンさんは喫茶店にコーヒーを飲みに入った。 Jakuson-san wa kissaten ni kōhī o nomi ni haitta. サンドラさんは日本語を勉強しに日本へ来ました。 Sandora-san wa nihongo o benkyō shi ni Nihon e kimashita. Sandra came to Japan to study Japanese. OR サンドラさんは日本へ日本語を勉強しに来ました。 Sandora-san wa Nihon e nihongo o benkyō shi ni kimashita. 私達は日曜日にバスで観光に行きます。 Watashi‐tachi wa nichiyōbi ni basu de kankō ni ikimasu. We'll go sightseeing by bus on Sunday. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Yori・より」 NOTE: Yori is sometimes displaced by nonstandard yori mo and yori ka. 「Part 1」 １．Indicates a comparison: "than." Examples: 吉田さんは小出さんより背が高いです。 Yoshida-san wa Koide-san yori se ga takai desu. Yoshida is taller than Koide. ニューヨークより東京の方が、人口が多いです。 Nyūyōku yori Tōkyō no kata ga, jinkō ga ōi desu. The population of Tokyo is greater than that of New York. ２．In the form of to iu yori: "rather." Examples: .あの人は指導者というより、独裁者です。 Ano hito wa shidō-sha to iu yori, dokusai-sha desu. He is a dictator rather than a leader. 「He is more of a dictator than a leader.」 A大学の学長は、学者というより政治家だ。 A daigaku no gakuchō wa, gakusha to iu yori seiji-ka da. The president of A University is more of a politician than a scholar. ３．Used with interrogative words, indicates that the thing previously mentioned is in the superlative. Examples: この店のフランス料理は、どこよりおいしいと思います。 Kono mise no Furansu‐ryōri wa, doko yori oishī to omoimasu. I think that the French food at this restaurant is better than anywhere else. 彼は私にプロポーズしたとき、「僕は誰よりも君を愛している」と言ったのよ。 Kare wa watashi ni puropōzu shita toki,`boku wa dare yori mo kimi o aishite iru' to itta no yo. When he proposed to me, he said, "I love you more than anyone." お元気そうで何よりです。 O genki-sō de nani yori desu. I'm glad to see you looking so well. 「Lit., Your looking well is more than anything.」 ４．Indicates the time or place at which an action takes place: "from, at." NOTE: This usage is equivalent to kara (#15, I-1 [time] and I-2 [place]), although yori is more formal and is more commonly used in writing and elevated speech. Examples: ３時より閣議が行われます。 Sanji yori kakugi ga okonawaremasu. A cabinet meeting will begin at [be held from] three o' clock. この国境より向こうが中国です。 Kono kokkyō yori mukō ga Chūgoku desu. From this [point of the] border on is China 「On the other side of this border is China.」 Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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March 2021
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