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Japanese Language Japanese Verbs Verb Conjugation (Cont.) Vconj + Hajieru/Owaru 始める・終わる "Begin to"/"Finish doing~" The verb conjugation of hajimeru/owaru are used as compound verbs. The verb hajimeru 始める「begin」and owaru 終わる「finish」are used as auxiliaries. Examples: Yuki ga furihajimemashita. 雪が降り始めました。 It began to snow. Yatto tabeowarimashita. やっと食べ終わりました。 I finally finished eating my meal.
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出 「5 Strokes」 「Shutsu, (Sui), Da(su) - Take out, send De(ru) -Go/Come out」 出てくるし、準備ができたら、あなたの友人に会います。 Detekuru shi, junbi ga dekitara, anata no yūjin ni aimasu. 「Come out and meet your friends when you are ready.」 Japanese Language Japanese Verbs Verb Conjugation (Cont.) Vconj + Mono/Kata 物・方 "Thing"/"A way of", "How to" The verb conjugation of mono and kata are used in order to create compound nouns. Examples: Nomimono 飲み物 (Drink), Tabemono 食べもの (Food), Kaimono 買い物 (Shopping), Yomimono 読みもの (Reading Material), Wasuremono 忘れ物 (A Thing left behind) Tsukurikata 作り方 (How to make), Tsukaikata 使い方 (Usage), Oyogikata 泳ぎ方 (A way of swimming), Oshiekata 教え方 (Teaching method), Shikata 仕方 (How to do) 入 「2 Strokes」 「Nyū, Hai(ru), I(ru) - go, come, get in, enter - I(reru) put in, let in」 あなたは新しい領域にあるとき、あなたは慎重に慣れていない場所を入力してください。 Anata wa atarashī ryōiki ni aru toki, anata wa shinchō ni narete inai basho o nyūryoku shite kudasai. 「When you are in a new area, make sure to enter places you are unfamiliar with caution.」 Japanese Language Verbs Verb Conjugation (Cont.) Vconj + sō da そうだ "Look like," "Feel Like" The verb conjugation of sō da is used to express the speakers conjecture based on what is seen or felt. The copula da can be replaced by desu in order to make the speech polite. Examples: Ame ga furi sō da. 雨が降りそうだ。 It looks like it will rain Kaze de ki ga taore sō da. 風で木が倒れそうだ。 It looks like the tree will fall down because of the wind. Ono-san wa chikai uchi ni intai shi sō desu. 小野さんは近いうちに引退しそうです。 It looks like Mr. Ono will retire in the near future. 今 「4 Strokes」 「Kon, Kin, Ima - Now」 今、あなたが本当に人生に望むものの後に行く時間である、のためのキーを押すのが遅れた場合、それはあまりにも遅くなるウィル。 Ima, anata ga hontōni jinsei ni nozomu mono no nochi ni iku jikandearu, no tame no kī o osu no ga okureta baai, sore wa amarini mo osoku naru u~iru. 「Now is the time to go after what you really desire in life, for if you wait too long it wil be too late.」 Japanese Language Japanese Verbs Verb Conjugation (Cont.) Vconj + tai/tagaru たい・たがる "Want to do ~" The conjugation of tai is used to express desire in the first person, while tagaru is used to express the same, though in the third person. Desu may also be added to the tai auxillary to turn the speech polite. Examples: Shizuka na tokoro ni sumitai (desu). 静かな所に住みたい（です）。 I want to live in a quiet place. Kodomo wa terebi o mitagarimasu. 子供はテレビを見たがります。 Children want to watch TV. Otōto wa Amerika no daigaku ni Nyūgaku shitagarimashita. 弟はアメリカの大学に入学したがりました。 My younger brother wanted to enter an American college. 先 「6 Strokes」 「SEN, Saki - Earlier; Ahead; Priority; Future; Destination; The Tip」 先生として、学生が自分の優先順位のまま、かつ焦点を当てることであることが知られている必要があります。 Sensei to shite, gakusei ga jibun no yūsen jun'i no mama, katsu shōten o ateru kotodearu koto ga shira rete iru hitsuyō ga arimasu. 「As a teacher, it should be known that the students are to remain your priority, and focus.」 Japanese Language Verb Conjugation (Cont.) Vconj + nagara ながら "While doing ~" The Verb conjugation of nagara is used in order to express simultaneous actions performed by one subject. Examples: Miki-san wa tabako o suinagara shigoto o shimasu. 三木さんはたばこを吸いながら仕事をします。 Mr. Miki works while smoking. Akiko-san wa piano hikinagara utaimashita. 秋子さんはピアノをひきながら歌いました。 Akiko sang while playing the piano. Unten shinagara ongaku o kikimasu. 運転しながら音楽を聴きます。 I listen to music while driving 午 「4 Strokes」 「Go[ご] - Noon, Sign Of The Horse, 7th Sign of the Zodiac」 時間にここにいることを確認してください、予定が正午に開始されます。 Jikan ni koko ni iru koto o kakuninshitekudasai, yotei ga shōgo ni kaishi sa remasu. 「Please make sure to be here on time, the appointment starts at noon.」 Japanese Language Verb Conjugation (Cont.) Vconj +ni に + motion verb The Verb conjugation of に「ni」 can only be used with the inclusion of motion verbs such as iku 「行く/go」, karu「来る・come」, kaeru 「帰る・return」, hairu「入る・enter」, and deru「出る・leave」inorder to express purpose when a person moves from one place to another. Examples: Kusuru o kai ni mise ni hairimashita. 薬を買いに店に入りました。 I entered a store to buy medicine. Hayashi-san wa kodomo o mukae ni eki e ikimasu. 林さんは子供を迎えに迎えに駅得へ行きます。 Mrs. Hayashi is going to the station to pick up her child. Jimu wa Nihongo o benkyō shi ni Nihon e kimashita. ジムは日本語を勉強しに日本へ来ました。 Jim came to Japan to study japanese. 後 「9 Strokes」 「GO, Nochi - After, Later Kō, Ushi(ro) - Behind Ato - Afterward, Subsequent, Back Aku(reru) - Be Late, Lag Behind」 後れを取るためには、あなたがそのように喜んで行う場合は特に、自由放任主義と専門外であることの外観を与えます。 Okure o toru tame ni wa, anata ga sonoyōni yorokonde okonau baai wa tokuni, jiyū hōnin shugi to senmon-gaidearu koto no gaikan o ataemasu. 「To lag behind gives the outward appearance of being laissez faire and unprofessional, especially when you do so willingly.」 Japanese Language Verb Usage 「Conjugation」 Verb Conjugation used as a noun Verb conjugation of regular I and regular II verbs, can be used as a noun when used by itself. Desu can be used alongside adjectives in order to make the speech polite. Examples: Doi-sensei no hanashi wa itsumo omoshiroi(desu). 土井先生の話はいつも面白い（です）。 Prof. Doi's talk is always interesting. Kono shōhin wa mōke ga ōi (desu). この商品はもうけが多い（です）。 These goods bring in a large profit. 前 「9 Strokes」 「Zen, Mae - In Front Of, Before, Earlier」 あなた自身が暴徒の精神の熱情に吸い込まできるようにする前に、あなたは外で見ていた場合、あなた自身を見たら、あなたは自分の誇りに思うだろう、後ろに座ると思いますか？ Anata jishin ga bōto no seishin no netsujō ni suikoma dekiru yō ni suru mae ni, anata wa soto de mite ita baai, anata jishin o mitara, anata wa jibun no hokori ni omoudarou, ushiro ni suwaru to omoimasu ka? 「Before you allow yourself to be sucked into the fervor of mob mentality, sit back and think, if you were outside looking in, if you saw yourself, would you be proud of yourself?」 以 「５Strokes」 「I-(prefix), by means of, because, in view of, compared with」 一つは、彼らが達成したいものに専用の自分を保つこと以スキルを学習します。 Hitotsu wa, karera ga tassei shitai mono ni sen'yō no jibun o tamotsu koto ni yotte sukiru o gakushū shimasu. 「One learns skills by means of keeping oneself dedicated to what they wish to achieve.」 Japanese grammar Word accent and rhythm The Japanese language is based on a pitched accent system, this means that while that each character is pronounced in the order written, that the pitch indicates the specific word you are speaking. Example Hashi 「Bridge」 Hashi 「Chop sticks」 The bold section of each word indicates the part of the word that has more pitch attention to indicate what exactly you are saying. To reiterate, this is not a tonal shift in the word like Chinese, it is simply a slight pitch increase at the right part of your word, and the whole word is still enunciated completely with each character in the word. The pitch also does not change the sound of the word, both words sound the same, it is just that if you want to say bridge[Hashi], the pitch is more prominent at the end of the word,while if you want to say chop sticks[Hashi] your pitch will be more prominent at the beginning of the word, while their sound is inherently similar. |
AuthorKoyuuki Aihara Archives
September 2020
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