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Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adj conj/Adj te + naku naru・なくなる」 "not~anymore" The phrase naku naru when attached to the conjunctive ku form of an i-adjective, or to the te form of a na-adjective, indicating the state expressed by the adjective no longer applies. Examples: コンピューターは高くなくなりました。 Konpyūtā wa takaku nakunarimashita. Computers aren't expensive anymore. 新しい友達が出来て、道子はもうさびしくなくなった。 Atarashī tomodachi ga dekite, Michiko wa mō sabishiku nakunatta. Michiko made new friends and is no longer lonely. アメリカからの輸入品はもうまれで(は)なくなった。 Amerika kara no yunyūhin wa mō mare de (wa) nakunatta. Imports from America are no longer rare. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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点 「9 Strokes」 「Ten・Point」 どの時点で我々は再び起動していますか。 Dono jiten de wareware wa futatabi kidō shite imasu ka. At what point do we start again? Other uses for点 点字「てんじ」Tenji・Braille 点火「てんか」Tenka・Ignite 出発点「しゅっぱつてん」Shuppatsuten・Starting point 原点「げんてん」Genten・Starting point, origin (of coordination) 合点「がてん・がってん」Gaten, Gatten・Understanding; Consent Japanese Language 「Particles」 「No De・ので」 1. Indicates a cause or reason: "in that, since, because." NOTE: No de and kara differ in two ways: first, no de usually indicates a more objective cause or reason, kara is a more subjective one; thus kara is often used with sentences involving prohibitions, commands, and questions; second, in sentences otherwise identical, no de lends a more polite tone. Examples: 車の事故があったので、道が混んでいます。 Kuruma no jiko ga atta no de, michi ga konde imasu. Since there was a car accident, the roads are crowded. 雪がたくさん降ったので、電車が遅れるそうです。 Yuki ga takusan futta no de, densha ga okureru sō desu. Because a lot of snow has fallen, they say the train is going to be late. 「Because of all the snow, the train will be late, I hear.」 病気なので、旅行に行くのは無理です。 Byōki na no de, ryokō ni iku no wa muri desu. Since I'm ill, taking a trip is out of the question. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 店 「8 Strokes」 「Ten, Mise・Shop, Store」 その店はあなたのお気に入りですか？ Sono mise wa anata no okiniiri desu ka? Is that store your favorite? Other uses for店 書店「しょてん」Shoten・Bookstore 出店「でみせ」Demise・Branch store 店先「みせさき」Misesaki・Storefront 店員「てんいん」Ten'in・Store employee, clerk 本店「ほんてん」Honten・Head office, main shop Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vdic + shi し」 "Not only~ but also~," "and~" Vdic shi is used to express two or more actions or events in one sentence. Examples: 小田さんはへも描くし、写真もとります。 Oda-san wa e mo kaku shi, shashin mo torimasu. Miss Oda not only does paintings, but also takes photographs. あの人はよく食べるし、よく飲むし、よくしゃべる。 Ano hito wa yoku taberu shi, yoku nomu shi, yoku shaberu. He eats a lot, drinks a lot, and chatters a lot. 原料は不足するし、生産は減少します。 Genryō wa fusoku suru shi, seisan wa genshō shimasu. Raw material becomes insufficient, and production decreases. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 屋 「9 Strokes」 「Oku・House・Ya・Roof, House, Shop, Dealer」 屋根が漏れていますか。 Yane ga morete imasu ka. Is the roof leaking? Other uses for屋 家屋「かおく」Kaoku・House, building 屋上「おくじょう」Okujō・Roof, Rooftop 部屋「へや」Heya・A Room 小屋「こや」Koya・Cottage, hut, shack 八百屋「やおや」Yaoya・Vegetable shop, greengrocer Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 室 「9 Strokes」 「Shitsu・A room・Muro・Greenhouse, Cellar」 分室はどのフロアにありますか。 Bunshitsu wa dono furoa ni arimasu ka. Which floor is the annex located? Other uses for室 和室「わしつ」Washitsu・Japanese-style room 私室「ししつ」Shishitsu・Private room 室内「しつない」Shitsunai・Isolated room, annex 室長「しつちょう」Shitsuchō・Senior roommate, section chief Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The particle kara ("from") or made ("to, until"), each being placed after a noun, indicating a starting point or an ending point, respectively, in time or space. Examples: 図書館で二時から四時まで勉強しました。 Toshokan de ni-ji kara yo-ji made benkyō shimashita. I studied in the library from 2 o'clock to 4 o'clock. この船はアラスカから来た。 Kono fune wa Arasuka kara kita. This ship came from Alaska. 目黒まで地下鉄に乗りました。 Meguro made chikatetsu ni norimashita. I took the subway to Meguro. フランクさんと一緒に空港まで行きました。 Furanku-san to issho ni kūkō made ikimashita. I went with Frank as far as the airport. じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「5」 「The Conjunctive (Adj conj) And Te (Adj te) Forms」 The conjunctive form (ku form) of an i-adjective and the te form of an i- or na-adjective are used in the following various ways. 「Adj conj ～く」 ”And” The conjunctive form (ku form) of an i-adjective is used when linking adjectives, or clauses. Examples: 空は青く、雲は白い Sora wa aoku, kumo wa shiroi. The sky is blue, and the clouds are white. 今朝は熱が高く、のどが痛かった。 Kesa wa netsu ga takaku, nodo ga itakatta. This morning I had a high fever and a sore throat. この店は安く、新鮮な野菜を売っている。 Kono mise wa yasuku, shinsenna yasai o utte iru. This store sells inexpensive, fresh vegetables. じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 When wanting to express an action or event has taken place, or took place in Japanese, the dictionary form of a verb is changed to the ta (or da) form, and the masu form changes to mashita, to form the past tense. The particle of to following a noun means "with": indicating a person (or an animal) with whom an action is performed. The word issho ni ("together") is often utilized with to, immediately following it (Example 1). Examples: 子供と一緒に遊園地へ行きました。 Kodomo to issho ni yuenchi e ikimashita. 家 「10 Strokes」 「Ka, Ke, Ie, Ya・House, Home, Family」 あなたの空の家は孤独ですか。 Anata no sora no ie wa kodoku desu ka. Is your empty house lonely? Other uses for 家 家内「かない」Kanai・(One's own) wife 国家「こっか」Kokka・State, nation 家来「けらい」Kerai・Retainer, vassal 家主「やぬし」Yanushi・Landlord, house owner 家事「かじ」Kaji・Family affairs; household chores じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vdic + bakari da・ばかりだ」 ”Be ready to do~" Vdic bakari da expresses the only action left to do. Examples: もう新居に移るばかりだ。 Mō shinkyo ni utsuru bakari da. We are ready to move into the new house. 後は家具を入れるばかるです。 Ato wa kagu o ireru bakari desu. The only thing for us to do is to put in the furniture. もう出発するばかりです。 Mō shuppatsu suru bakari desu. I am ready to leave now. じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adj stem + sugiruすぎる」 "Too~" With the verb sugiru (pass, go beyond a limit) used as an auxiliary verb with the stem of an adjective when indicating that someone or something is in some state to an excessive degree. The adjective ii (good) changes to yo before sugiru (ex., 2). Sugiru conjugates as a regular group-II verb: suginai, sugimasu, sugiru, sugite, sugita. Examples: この肉はかたすぎて食べられない。 Kono niku wa katasugite taberarenai. This beef is too tough to eat. このスーツは学生にはよすぎます。 Kono sūtsu wa gakusei ni wa yosugimasu. This suit is too good for a student. あのアパートは若い夫婦にはぜいたくすぎますね。 Ano apāto wa wakai fūfu ni wa zeitaku sugimasu ne. That apartment is too extravagant for a young couple, isn't it? Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Kiri・きり」 1. Used after nouns and verbs, indicating a "cutting off" point, i.e., a limit; may also be pronounced kkiri (っきり) for emphasis: "only." NOTE: Kiri basically means the same thing as dake, but is a more colloquial usage. Shika may be used after kiri for further emphasis. Examples: あのおじさんｈあ、一人きりで大きな家に住んでいる。 Ano ojī-san wa, hitori kiri de ōki na ie ni sunde iru. That old man lives alone in a big house. その子供は、黙ったきりで何も言わなかった。 Sono kodomo wa, damatta kiri de nani mo iwanakatta. That child just sat there, without saying a word. 「Lit., That child, only keeping quiet, didn't say anything.」 2. Used with a small number or amount to emphasize a negative meaning; dake may replace kiri: "only." Examples: あと発車まで二分きりだから、山本さんはとても間に合わないだろう。 Ato hassha made nifun kiri da kara, Yamamoto-san wa totemo mani-awanai darō. The train leaves in just two minutes, so it's very unlikely that Yamamoto will make it in time. お金は一万円きりしかないから、あのコンピューターを買うのは無理だ。 Okane wa ichiman-en kiri shika nai kara, ano konpyūtā o kau no wa muri da. I have only ￥10,000 to my name, so there's no way I can buy that computer. 「Since all I have is ￥10,000, there is no way I can afford that computer.」 3. Used to indicate the most recent incidence of something: "the last." Examples: アランさんからは、去年クリスマス・カード来たきりで、そのあと手紙が来ません。 Aran-san kara wa, kyonen kurisumasu-kādo kita kiri de, sono ato tegami ga kimasen. The last I heard from Alan was a Christmas card last year; since then, no letters have come. 岸さんとは、先月のクラス会で会ったきりです。 Kishi-san to wa, sengetsu no kurasu kai de atta kiri desu. The last time I saw Kishi was at last month's class meeting. Hope this helps, see you next time for the particle no de・ので! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 In Japanese, when expressing an action about to take place, the dictionary, or plain, form of a verb is used, followed by the phrase tokoro da (or tokoro desu). The noun tokoro ("place") in this expression means "state" or "moment." Examples: 母は朝ご飯を食べるところです。 Haha wa asagohan o taberu tokoro desu. My mother is about to eat breakfast. 船は港に入るところだ。 Fune wa minato ni hairu tokoro da. The ship is about to enter the port. 乗客はバスを降りるところです。 Jōkyaku wa basu o oriru tokoro desu. The passengers are just about to get off the bus. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 者 「8 Strokes」 「Sha, Mono・Person」 あなたは真の信者ですか？ Anata wa shin no shinja desu ka? Are you a true believer? Other uses for者 学者「がくしゃ」Gakusha・Scholar 筆者「ひっしゃ」Hissha・Writer, author 後者「こうしゃ」Kōsha・The latter 日本学者「にほんがくしゃ」Nihongakusha・Japanologist Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 員 「10 Strokes」 「In・Member」 あなたは社会の一員ですか。 Anata wa shakai no ichiin desu ka. Are you a contributing member of society? Other uses for 員 海員「かいいん」Kaiin・Seaman, sailor 工員「こういん」Kōin・Factory worker 人員「じんいん」Jin'in・Staff, personnel 会員「かいいん」Kaiin・Member (of a society) 全員「ぜんいん」Zen'in・All members, entire staff Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vdic + noun」 To make a relative clause With the Vdic + noun pattern, Vdic is used as a modifier of the following noun, e.g. iku hito 行く人 (persons who go); niji ni deru basu 二時に出るバス (the bus that leaves at two o'clock). The Japanese language does not have relative pronouns such as "who," "which," and "that." Examples: 今日私が会う人は父の友達だ。 Kyō watashi ga au hito wa chichi no tomodachi da. The person whom I'll meet today is my father's friend. 小川先生の代わりに教える先生は野田先生です。 Ogawa-sensei no kawari ni oshieru sensei wa Noda-sensei desu. The teacher who will teach in place of Prof. Ogawa is Prof. Noda. これは食品を加工する機械です。 Kore wa shokuhin o kakō suru kikai desu. This is the machine that processes food. Hope this helps, and see you again！ じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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