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案 「10 Strokes」 「An・Plan, Proposal」 提案は決して保証されず、常にそれに従って計画します。 Teian wa kesshite hoshō sa rezu, tsune ni sore ni shitagatte keikaku shimasu. A proposal is never guaranteed, always plan accordingly. Other uses for 案 安愛「あんあい」、Annai・Guidance, Information 案外「あんがい」、Angai・Contrary to expectations 名案「めいあん」、Meian・Good idea 試案「しあん」、Shian・Consideration, reflection 案出「あんしゅつ」、Anshutsu・Contrive, devise (๑*౪*๑) こゆうきあいはら (๑*౪*๑)
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安 「６Strokes」 「An・Peace, Peacefulness・Yasu(i)・Cheap」 時には安いことは損害です。 Toki ni wa yasui koto wa songai desu Sometimes, being cheap is a detriment. Other uses for 安 安心「あんしん」、Anshin・Feel relieved/reassured 安全「あんぜん」、Anzen・Safety 不安「ふあん」、Fuan・Unease, anxiety, fear 目安「めやす」、Meyasu・Standard, yardstick 安物「やすもの」、Yasumono・Cheap goods, Low-quality merchandise ( •˓◞•̀ ) こゆうきあいはら ( •˓◞•̀ ) Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 「３」 「”This is my dictionary." "This dictionary is mine." これは私の辞書だ/です。Kore wa watashi no jisho da/desu. この辞書は私のだ/です。Kono jisho wa watashi no da/desu.」 In Japanese, the demonstrative pronouns kore, sore, and are are equivalent to the English "this" (or ”these”)、"that" (or "those"), and "that over there" (or "those over there"). Kore is used to indicate a thing near the speaker, sore a thing near the listener, and are means a thing some distance away from both speaker and listener. These pronouns have polite forms kochira, sochira, and achira, respectively which may be used when referring to people, and objects. When kore, sore, or are is used to modify a noun, they take the form of kono, sono, or ano, with the polite forms kochira, sochira, or achira change to kochira no, sochira no, or achira no. When the particle no follows a noun it can function as a possessive. Examples: これは課長のコートです。 Kore wa kachō no kōto desu. This is the section chief's coat. あちらがジョンソンさんの車です。 Achira ga Jonson-san no kuruma desu. That over there is Mr. Johnson's car. こちらは原先生です。 Kochira wa Hara-sensei desu. This is Professor Hara. この雑誌はビルのだ。 Kono zasshi wa Biru no da. These magazines are Bill's そちらの傘は木村さんのです。 Sochira no kasa wa Kimura-san no desu. That umbrella is Ms. Kimura's. Thank you for reading, and hope it was helpful, hope to see you next time! (*^｡^*) こゆうきあいはら (*^｡^*) Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vdic+Darō だろう」 「”Probably"」 Darō is used to express the speaker's conjecture. Darō is the presumptive form of the copula da, and used as an auxilary. Deshō can be used in polite form. Examples: 午後風吹くだろう。 Gogo kaze ga fuku darō. The wind will probably blow in the afternoon. 電車は十分ほど遅れるだろう。 Densha wa juppun hodo okureru darō. The train will probably be about ten minutes late. 彼は事業に成功するでしょう。 Kare wa jigyō ni seikō suru deshou. He will probably succeed in his enterprise. (´ヮ`) こゆうきあいはら (´ヮ`) 好 「５Strokes」 「Kō、Kono(mu)、Su(ku)・Like」 どのバンドが一番好きですか？ Dono bando ga ichiban sukidesu ka? Which band do you like the most? Other uses for 好 好物、「こうぶつ」、Kōbutsu・Favorite food 好人物、「こうじんぶつ」Kōjinbutsu・Good-natured person 物好き、「ものずき」、Monozuki・Idle curiosity 大好き、「だいすき」、Daisuki・Like very much 好き好き、「すきずき」、Sukizuki・Matter of personal preference （＾⊆＾） こゆうきあいはら （＾⊆＾） Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 「Part 2」 「Mr Oda is a teacher of Japanese.」 小田さんは日本語の先生だ/です。 Oda-san wa Nihongo no sensei da/desu. -San is a Japanese honorific suffix that is applied to a person's family name or given name, and certain occupational titles. This can roughly correspond to the English "Mr.," "Mrs.," "Miss.," "Ms.," but markedly less formal. The Japanese tend to prefer addressing one another by family name with "-san." With Japanese names, the family name will precede the given name (Yamamoto Yumi), though foreign names pronounced or written in Japanese are not required to be reversed to follow this cultural precedent. -San should not be used when mentioning your own name, or when in reference to a member of someone else's family. 「Cultural point: When in casual conversation among friends, you can address to them by their given name without using -san. However, this is dependant on the relationship of the speaker to the listener. In general, male speakers do not address Japanese females by given name alone, but female speakers do, in certain situations, or they use -chan rather than -san. 」 A noun followed by the particle no forms a phrase that modifies the noun that follows it. No can be variously translated as "'s" (possessive), "of," "for," or can be used to express apposition. The particle can also be used with pronouns: watashi no ("my"), anata no ("your"), kare no ("his"), kanojo no ("her"), karera no ("their"), etc. However, pronoun forms in general are usually avoided in Japanese since they can sound wordy. Examples: ブラウンさんは私のボスです。 Buraun-san wa watashi no bosu desu. Mr. Brown is my boss. リンダは学校の看護師だ。 Rinda wa gakkō no kangoshi da. Linda is a school nurse. 久保秋子さんは弁護士の秘書です。 Kubo Akiko-san wa bengoshi no hisho desu. Ms. Akiko Kubo is secretary to a lawyer. 友達の信子さんはでデパートの店員です。 Tomodachi no Nobuko-san wa de depāto no ten'indesu. My friend Nobuko is a clerk at a department store. ( •˓◞•̀ ) こゆうきあいはら ( •˓◞•̀ ) 子 「２Strokes」 「Shi, Su, Ko・Child」 子供がいないはずの人がいます。 Kodomo ga inai hazu no hito ga imasu. There are some people who should never have a child. Other uses for 子 男子「だんし」、Danshi・Man, Boy 男の子「おとこのこ」、Otokonoko・Boy 女子「じょし」、Joshi・Girl, Woman 女の子「おんあのこ」、Onnanoko・Girl 分子「ぶんし」Bunshi・Molecule, Numerator (Of a fraction) (*´∪`) こゆうきあいはら (*´∪`) 「Japanese Language」 「Verb forms」 「Vdic+hazu da はずだ」 ”I expect that-,””It is expected that-" The verb hazu da is used to express the expectation the speaker has that something will take place, or took place. Hazu is a pseudo noun commonly followed by a copula. Examples: この規則は変わるはずだ。 Kono kisoku wa kawaru hazu da. It is expected that this regulation will change. この町の人口は増えるはずです。 Kono machi no jinkō wa fueru hazu desu. The population of this town is expected to increase. あの件は小野さんが調査するはずでした。 Ano ken wa Ono-san ga chōsa suru hazu deshita. As for that matter, we expected that Mr. Ono would investigate it. ( •˓◞•̀ ) こゆうきあいはら ( •˓◞•̀ ) 「Japanese language」 「Particles」 「と・To」 「Part 2」 「B」 To・と, can be used after onomatopoeic adverbs, can also follow a word, clause, or sentence, and precedes verbs such as, iu, kiku, and omou in order to indicate what someone said, asked, or thought. 「１」 Indication of what someone said, ordered, thought, etc. Examples: 山本さんが、あとで電話するとおっしゃいました。 Yamamoto-san ga, ato de denwa suru to osshaimashita. Yamamoto said that she would phone later. 母が先生によろしくと申しておりました。 Haha ga sensei ni yoroshiku to mōshite orimashita. Mother said to give her regards to you [talking to your teacher, doctor, etc.]. 渡辺さんが９時までに事務所に来るように、と言っていました。 Watanabe-san ga kuji made ni jimu-sho ni kuru yō ni, to itte imashita. Watanabe said [asked] that you should come to his office by nine o'clock. 「２」 To indicate what someone thinks or feels Examples: 来年は、アメリカへ行こうと考えています。 Rainen wa, Amerika e ikō to kangaete imasu. I am thinking of going to the United States next year. 電車は９時に出ると思いましたが、１０時でした。 Densha wa kuji ni deru to omoimashitaga, jūji deshita. I thought the train was leaving at nine o'clock, but it turned out to be 10. 「３」 To indicate the name of something, about which the explanation follows; commonly used when the name alone would not be understood. 「Always used in the form to iu (and its variants): "that (who, which) is called, known as"」 Examples: 「世界」という雑誌を知っていますか。 ”Sekai” to iu zasshi o shitte imasu ka. Do you know the magazine Sekai? ブルー・スカイズというホテルに泊まりました。 Burū sukaizu to iu hoteru ni tomarimashita. I stayed at a hotel called Blue Sky. まず、田中という部長に書類をもらってください。 Mazu, Tanaka to iu buchō ni shorui o moratte kudasai. First of all, get the documents from a section manager named Tanaka. 「４」 Placed after onomatopoeic adverbs. Examples: 小川がさらさらと、道のそばをながれていた。 Ogawa ga sarasara to, michi no soba nagarete ita. A sparkling brook flowed alongside the road. 星がきらきらと輝いています。 Hoshi ga kirakira to kagayaite imasu. The stars are twinkling. That is the end of part two of the particle To, next time we will cover the last of the particle と・to, hope to see you there! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 女 「3 Strokes」 「Jo, Nyo, (Nyō), Onna・Woman・Me・Feminine」 女性性は身体的な状態ではなく心の状態です。 Josei-sei wa karada-tekina jōtaide wanaku kokoro no jōtaidesu. 「Femininity is a state of mind, rather than a physical condition.」 Other uses for 女 女性「じょせい」、Josei・Woman, Feminine gender 長女「ちょうじょ」、Chōjo・Eldest daughter 男女「だんじょ」、Danjo・Men and women 女の人「おんあのひと」、Onna no hito・Woman 女心「おんあごころ」、Onnagokoro・A woman's heart ヾ(＾-＾)ノ こゆうきあいはら ヾ(＾-＾)ノ Japanese Language 「Japanese sentence structure」 「Part 1」 「A」 「Identifying and describing people and objects」 「a」（As for myself.）I am John Harris. （Introducing one-self） 「b」 I am (the one whose name is) John Harris. 「１」私はジョン・ハリスだ/です。 Watashi wa Jon Harisu da/desu. 「２」私がジョン・ハリスだ/です。 Watashi ga Jon Harisu da/desu. The first example （１）watashi ("I") is followed by the wa particle ("as for"), which marks it as the topic of the sentence, and (b) uses ga in order to mark it as the subject of the sentence. Usually, the topic (wa) comes at the beginning of a sentence, which establishes what that sentence is about. In the case of wa the topic is required to be something, or someone, that both speaker and listener can see, hear, or identify from previous conversations or knowledge. The subject (ga) is different in where the doer of the action, the person, or the object in the state expressed within the sentence. The main difference being that the person, or object is newly introduced into the conversation, or is emphasized . "I am John Harris" is a translation that is effective for both usages of wa and ga. However, the meaning is different based upon the particle that follows watashi. While the sentence with ga is emphasized (so as to introduce himself as John Harris) the sentence with wa is not (due to the fact John Harris is introducing himself to someone). Sometimes, the difference of usage between wa and ga is complicated. More specifically when the subject, and topic are the same as in (1) where no direct emphasis is given; often a sentence can include both a subject and a topic, in which case both particles have distinct functions from one another. Also, in certain cases the subject is not marked by usage of ga, but by wa. Personal pronouns ("I," "you," etc.) in Japanese have a multitude of forms (dependent on the the gender, and desired speech style [formal, plain, rough, etc.] the speaker decides to utilize, for the specific situation they are in. The gender specificity is a cultural hold-over from feudal times, and earlier, and while that is the rule of thumb, there is a precedent for females using the more "male-oriented," expressions of one-self and others. The very formal, and polite forms of "I," (Wataskushi, and Watashi both of which share the kanji of 私) or "you," (though no very formal variant of "you," exists, the polite form of "you," being anata・あなた), are available to everyone, traditionally, the plain (boku・僕/Kimi・君) and rough forms (Ore・おれ・Omae・お前), are for usage by men. While third person (singular) pronouns exist in Japanese ("he," Kare、and "she," kanojo), and are not limited by speech forms, regardless of situation, it is suggested refraining from using them when referring to social superiors, or young children. Also, the pronoun (ano hito, "that person") can be used to mean "he," or "she," it can carry negative nuances. The plural forms of personal pronouns are simple enough to where you only need to add the suffixes -tachi or -ra; ("I," watashi-tachi・watashira, boku-tachi・bukura, "you," kimi-tachi・kimira, etc. The suffix -gata can replace -tachi for the sake of politeness; anata-gata. Both suffixes can be used with certain nouns; gakusei-gata ("Students"), sensei-gata ("Teachers"), etx., although the suffix could be omitted from the word in Japanese, as long as the intent of the speaker, or sentence is clear. The usage of da or desu at the end of a sentence is the English equivalent of "am," "is," or "are." Da is the plain style of speech, commonly used among family and friends, while desu is the polite form commonly used among adults who are not close friends. Examples: I am an American. 私はアメリカじんです。 Watashi wa Amerika-jin desu. She is a nurse. 彼女は看護師だ。 Kanojo wa kangoshi da. Tom is a student. トムは学生です。 Tomu wa gakusei desu. He (newly introduced) is the person in charge. あの人が担当者です。 Ano hito ga tantōsha desu. Sarah (not Linda) is a dietician. サラが栄養士だ。 Sara ga eiyōshi da. That marks the end of part 1, hopefully it helped you in understanding the way the Japanese language handles sentence structure, part 2 will be in the near future, hope to see you there! ʿʿ˅⁽ˆ⁰ˆ˺ ⁾˺ こゆうきあいはら ʿʿ˅⁽ˆ⁰ˆ˺ ⁾˺ 男 「７Strokes」 「Dan, Nan, Otoko・Man, Human male」 男であることは本当に何を意味しますか？ Otoko de aru koto wa hontō ni nani o imi shimasu ka? 「What does it really mean, to be a man?」 Other uses for 男 男性「だんせい」、Dansei・Man, masculine gender 長男「ちょうなん」、Chōnan・Eldest man 男の人「おとこのひと」、Otoko no hito・Man 山男「やまおとこ」、Yamaotoko・Mountain dweller, mountaineer 大男「おうおとこ」、Ōotoko・Giant, tall man ( ´•౪•`) こゆうきあいはら ( ´•౪•`) Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Part 19」 「To・と」 「Part 1」 「A」 To・と, when following a noun can be used to indicate such meanings as "and," "with," along with sets of names. 「１」 To・と usually joins two or three nouns (not including phrases and clauses) which represents "and." Examples: アランさんとポールさんはフランス人です。 Aran-san to Pōru-san wa Furansu-jin desu. Alain and Paul are French 白いゆりと赤いばらの花を買いましょう。 Shiroi yuri to akai bara no hana o kaimashou. Let's buy some white lilies and red roses. 「２」 To・と can be used to indicate a comparison or contrast (e.g. when a choice is asked for): "and, or." Examples: この会社とその会社とでは、資本金が違います。 Kono kaisha to sono kaisha to de wa, shihon-kin ga chigaimasu. This company and that company have different amounts of capital. 林檎とみかんとどちらがすきですか。 Ringo to mikan to dochira ga suki desu ka. Which do you like better, apples or mandarin oranges？ 「３」 To・と can represent: "together, with." Examples: 社長は部長と食事をしています。 Shachō wa buchō to shokuji o shite imasu. The company President is eating out with the division manager. 明日この問題について、先生と話すつもりです。 Ashita kono mondai ni tsuite, sensei to hanasu tsumori desu. Tomorrow I intend to discuss this problem with my teacher. 「４」 To・と can follow an expression of quantity, and reinforce the negative idea of a sentence: "(not) as much." Examples: あの山に登るには，二時間とかかりません。 Ano yama ni noboru ni wa, ni-jikan to kakarimasen. It won't take as long as [won't take even] two hours to climb that mountain. あの会社とは二度と取引をしたくない。 Ano kaisha to wa nido to torihiki o shitaku nai. I don't want to have dealings with that company ever again. 「Lit., I don't want to have dealings with that company two times, because I've dealt with them once already, and know what they're like.」 「５」 To・と can be used to indicate a change or result, used commonly in the phrase to naru. (Become) Examples: オリンピックの開会式の日となった。 Orinpikku no kaikai-shiki no hi to natta. The day of the opening ceremony of the Olympics has arrived. 「Lit., It became the day of the opening ceremony of the Olympics.」 ことしの海外旅行者は、1000万人となった。 Kotoshi no kaigai-ryokōsha wa, issen-man-nin to natta. [The number of] overseas travelers this year has reached ten million. This concludes part one of the particle 「To・と」hope to see you back for the rest! ʿʿ˅⁽ˆ⁰ˆ˺ ⁾˺ こゆうきあいはら ʿʿ˅⁽ˆ⁰ˆ˺ ⁾˺ 力 「２Strokes」 「Ryoku, Riki, Chikara・Force, Power」 時々、意志の力は目標を達成するために不可欠です。 Tokidoki, ishi no chikara wa mokuhyō o tassei suru tame ni fukaketsudesu. 「Sometimes, force of will is imperative to accomplishing a goal.」 Other uses for 力 体力「たいりょく」Tairyoku・Physical Strength 無力「むりょく」Muryoku・Powerless, helpless 水力「すいりょく」Suiryoku・Water power, hydraulic power 風力「ふうりょく」Fūryoku・Wind power、Force of the wind 全力「ぜんりょく」Zenryoku・All one's power, utmost efforts ( ´•౪•`) こゆうきあいはら ( ´•౪•`) 思 「９Strokes」 「Shi, Omo(u)・Think, Believe」 私は自分の夢を達成できると思いますか？ Watashi wa jibun no yume o tassei dekiru to omoimasu ka? 「Do you think that I can accomplish my dream?」 Other uses for 思 思い出「おもいで」、Omoide・Memories 思い出す「おもいだす」、Omoidasu・Remember 思い切って「おもいきって」、Omoikitte・Resolutely,Daringly 思いやり「おもいやり」、Omoiyari・Consideration, sympathy, compassion 思いあがった「おもいあがった」、Omoiagatta・Conceited, cocky (ノ^_^)ノ こゆうきあいはら ヽ(^。^)丿 Endeavor 「Doryoku・どりょく」 「Dor-yoh-ku」 努力 Anata no shōrai no doryoku de ganbattekudasai! あなたの将来の努力で頑張ってください！ (Good luck in your future endeavors!) (ﾉ´ヮ´)ﾉ*:･ﾟ✧ こゆうきあいはら *:･ﾟ✧ヘ(^_^ヘ) Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Part 18」 「Demo・でも」 「Part 2」 「４」 Demo can be used in the form donna...demo: "whatever." Examples: ヨーロッパへ行ったら、どんあ美術館でも見てみたい。 Yōroppa e ittara, donna bijutsuーkan demo mite mitai. If I go to Europe, I'll want to see whatever museums [I can]. 英語のでくる人なら、どんな人でもかまいません。 Eigo no dekuru hito nara, donna hito demo kamaimasen. As long as it's someone who can speak English, It doesn't matter who it is. 「５」 Demo can be used with two or more nouns which serve as examples of a larger list: "either...or (and others of a similar nature)." Examples: 松本さんは運動神経がいいので、テニスでも、ゴルフでもできますよ。 Matsumoto-san wa undō-shinkei ga ii no de, tenisu demo, gorufu demo dekimasu yo. Given Matsumoto's good reflexes, he can play either tennis or golf [or any other sport]. 片岡さんは、外国語に興味を持っているから、フランス語でも中国語でも、すぐ覚えてします。 Kataoka-san wa, gaikoku-go ni kyōmi o motte iru kara, furansu-go demo chūgoku-go demo, sugu oboete shimasu. Since Kataoka is interested in foreign languages, he can easily pick up French or Chinese. 「６」 Demo can be used when indicating a singular possibility: "...or something." Examples： 映画でも見に行きませんか。 Eiga demo mi ni ikimasen ka. How about going to see a movie or something？ レコードでもききましょうか. Rekōdo demo kikimashou ka. Shall we listen to a record or something? Hope that this information was helpful to you, next we shall be covering the particle 「To・と」hope to see you there! ( •˓◞•̀ ) こゆうきあいはら ( •˓◞•̀ ) Regret 「Kōkai・こうかい」 「Kouh-Kai」 後悔 後悔は最も強力な個人的な毒です。 Kōkai wa mottomo kyōryokuna kojin-tekina dokudesu. 「Regret is the most powerful personal poison.」 °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Part 17」 「Demo・でも」 「Part 1」 「１」 Demo・でも can be used after nouns in order to emphasize a hypothetical: " even, even if." Examples: つまらない会議でも仕事ですから出なければなりません。 Tsumaranai kaigi demo shigoto desu kara denakereba narimasen. 「Even if it's a boring meeting, you have to attend since it's (part of) the job.」 嫌いな食べ物でも、体によければ食べた方がいいですね。 Kirai na tabemono demo, karada ni yokereba tabeta hō ga ii desu ne. 「Even if it's food you dislike, you should eat it if it's good for your health.」 「２」 Demo・でも can be used after nouns for empasis: "even-." Examples: その仕事は私でもできましたから、あなたならすぐできますよ。 Sono shigoto wa watashi demo dekimashita kara, anata nara sugu dekimasu yo. 「Since even I was able to do that work, you will be able to do it immediately.」 動物でも人間のこころがわかります。 Dōbutsu demo ningen no kokoro ga wakarimasu. 「Even animals can understand the human heart.」 「３」 Demo・でも can be used after an interrogative word to express positive emphasis: "any-(one, where, etc.)." Examples: ジョンさんは、日本料理ならなんでもたべます。 Jon-san wa, nihon ryōri nara nan demo tabemasu. 「John will eat any (kind of) Japanese food.」 私は、夜だったらいつでもいいですよ。 Watashi wa, yoru dattara itsu demo ii desu yo. 「As long as it's at night, any time is all right for me.」 Next time will finish with the particle demo, hope to see you there. ∩`･◇･) こゆうきあいはら ∩`･◇･) 性 「8 Strokes」 「Sei・Sex, Nature (of)・Shō・Temperament, Propensity」 試行錯誤はアーティストであるという性質です。 Shikōsakugo wa ātisuto de aru to iu seishitsu desu. 「Trial and error is the nature of being an artist.」 Other uses for 性 中性「ちゅうせい」Chūsei・Neuteral gender; Neutral( in chemistry) 人性「じんせい」Jinsei・Human nature; Humanity 性行「せいこう」seikō ・Character and conduct 性分「しょうぶん」shōbun ・Nature; temperament 本性「ほんせい」Honsei・True nature; character ʿʿ˅⁽ˆ⁰ˆ˺ ⁾˺ こゆうきあいはら ʿʿ˅⁽ˆ⁰ˆ˺ ⁾˺ |
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