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Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te Form」 「Part 11」 「Vte＋Mo～ても」 "even if," "although" Vte mo is used as a conjunction when expressing a condition. Examples: 博は参考書を買っても使いません。 Hiroshi wa sankōsho o katte mo tsukaimasen. Hiroshi doesn't use reference books, even if he buys them. この言葉は辞書で調べても分かりませんでした。 Kono kotoba wa jisho de shirabete mo wakarimasen deshita. Although I checked this word in the dictionary, I couldn't understand it. 彼は約束しても守らない。 Kare wa yakusoku shite mo mamoranai. Even if he promises, he doesn't keep it. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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協 「8 Strokes」 「Kyō・Cooperation」 このプロジェクトを完了するには、協力が不可欠です。 Kono purojekuto o kanryō suru ni wa, kyōryoku ga fukaketsudesu. Cooperation is integral to finishing this project. Other uses for協 協力「きょうりょく」Kyōryoku・Cooperation 協会「きょうかい」Kyōkai・Society, Association 協力者「きょうりょくしゃ」Kyōryokusha・Collaborator, Coworker 協同「きょうどう」Kyōdō・Cooperation, Collaboration, Partnership 日米協会「にちべいきょうかい」Nichi-bei kyōkai・The America-Japan Society Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 「Part 8」 「Expressing Ability, Preference, Desire, Intention, Resolution, and Experience」 ヒルさんは中国語を話すことができる/できます。 Hiru-san wa chūgokugo o hanasu koto ga dekiru/ dekimasu. The dictionary form of a verb, followed by the phrase koto ka dekiru ("can," "be able to"), expresses ability or potential. Grammatically, the noun koto ("thing") in this pattern functions to turn the verb coming before it into a gerund, so that the sentence above, with the topic, means, literally, "As for Mr. Hill, speaking Chinese is possible." A shorter potential form also exists in Japanese. The shorter forms for the three verb types are obtained as follows. NOTE：A gerund is a form that is derived from a verb but that functions as a noun, in English ending in -ing, e.g., asking in do you mind my asking you?. Regular I verbs: The final syllable of the dictionary form changes from one ending in u to one ending in eru. au ("meet") aeru ("can meet") iku ("go") ikeru ("can go") oyogu ("swim") oyogeru ("can swim") hanasu ("speak") hanaseru ("can speak") matsu ("wait") materu ("can wait") asobu ("play") asoberu ("can play") yomu ("read") yomeru ("can read") kaeru ("return") kaereru ("can return") Regular II verrbs: The final ru of the dictionary form changes to rareru. miru ("see") mirareru ("can see") taberu ("meet") taberareru ("can eat") Irregular verbs: kuru ("come") korareru ("can come") suru ("do") dekiru ("can do") The direct object of a potential verb is marked by o with the koto ga dekiru pattern, but by ga with the shorter potential form. Examples: 彼女はショパンを弾くことができる/ショパンが弾ける。 Kanojo wa Shopan o hiku koto ga dekiru/ Shopan ga hajikeru. She can play Chopin. 博物館まで車で10分で行くことができます/行けます。 Hakubutsukan made kuruma de juppun de iku koto ga dekimasu/ ikemasu. You can get to the museum in ten minutes by car. ブラウンさんは日本語で演説することができる/演説ができる。 Buraun-san wa nihongo de enzetsu suru koto ga dekiru/ enzetsu ga dekiru. Mr. Brown can make speeches in Japanese. ８時までに来ることができますか/こられますか。 8-Ji made ni kuru koto ga dekimasu ka/ koraremasu ka. Can you come by 8 o'clock？ Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 28」 「Mata・また」 "again," "once more" Mata indicates a reoccurring event or action. Examples: 九州にまた台風がくるらしい。 Kyūshū ni mata taifū ga kuru rashii. It seems that a typhoon will hit Kyushu again. 次の試合でまたあのチームを負かしたい。 Tsugi no shiai de mata ano chīmu o makashitai. We want to beat that team again in the next game. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te form」 「Part 10」 「Vte＋hoshii・てほしい」 "want (someone) to do" Vte hoshii is used to express the desire to have someone (marked by the particle ni) do something. This someone is not supposed to be of a higher status than the speaker. This pattern is used with first person with declarative sentences (ex. 1) and in the second person with interrogative sentences (ex. 2). Examples: 私は南さんにこの手紙を読んでほしい。 Watashi wa Minami-san ni kono tegami o yonde hoshii. I want Miss Minami to read this letter. あなたはだれに日本語を教えてほしいですか。 Anata wa dare ni Nihongo o oshiete hoshii desu ka. Who do you want to teach you Japanese? ホテルの予約を確認してほしいです。 Hoteru no yoyaku o kakunin shite hoshii desu. I want you to confirm the reservation at the hotel. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 労 「7 Strokes」 「Rō・Labor, Toil」 この労働力はどの程度効果的ですか。 Kono rōdō-ryoku wa dono teido kōka-teki desu ka. How effective is this labor force？ Other uses for労 労働「ろうどう」Rōdō・Work, labor 心労「しんろう」Shinrō・Worry, concern 労力「ろうりょく」Rōryoku・Trouble, effort; labor 労働者「ろうどうしゃ」Rōdōsha・Worker, laborer 労働時間「ろうどうじかん」Rōdō jikan・Working hours Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The negative te form of a verb (nakute), followed by mo ii, will express the belief of the speaker that an action is unnecessary. The negative te form of an i-adjective (ku nakute), or a na-adjective (de nakute), and followed by the same phrase, expresses the belief of the speaker that a state is unnecessary. Examples: 忙しくないから残業しなくてもいいです。 Isogashiku nai kara zangyō shinakute mo īdesu. We aren't busy, so we don't have to work overtime. この仕事は明日までに済ませなくてもいいですよ。 Kono shigoto wa ashita made ni sumasenakute mo ii desu yo. You don't have to finish this work by tomorrow. アパートは駅に近くなくてもいい。 Apāto wa eki ni chikaku nakute mo ii. The apartment doesn't have to be near the station. ホテルは高級でなくてもいいです。 Hoteru wa kōkyūde nakute mo ii desu. The hotel doesn't have to be high class. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 27」 「Mazu・先ず」 "first” Mazu indicates that the action it modifies is a priority. Examples: 京都に着いて先ず田辺さんに電話した。 Kyōto ni tsuite mazu Tanabe-san ni denwa shita. On arriving in Kyoto, I phoned Mrs. Tanabe first (before doing anything else). 先ずこの仕事を片付けてから、次の仕事にかかりましょう。 Mazu kono shigoto o katazukete kara, tsugi no shigoto ni kakarimashō． Let's finish this job first and then move on to the next. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te Form」 「Part 9」 「Vte ＋bakari iru・ばかりいる」 "be doing nothing but" Vte bakari iru expresses the only action that a person is doing. Examples: 隣の男の子は一日中ハーモニカを吹いてばかりいる。 Tonari no otoko no ko wa ichinichijū hāmonika o fuite bakari iru. The boy next door does nothing but play a harmonica all day long. 良子さんは仕事を変えてばかりいます。 Yoshiko-san wa shigoto o kaete bakari imasu. Yoshiko does nothing but change jobs. 水木さんは同僚と議論してばかりいる。 Mizuki-san wa dōryō to giron shite bakari iru. Mr. Mizuki does nothing but argue with his colleagues. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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