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Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Yo・よ」 １．Urges a course of action. Examples: もうだいぶ歩いたから、この辺ちょっと休もうよ。 Mō daibu aruita kara, kono hen chotto yasumō yo. Let's take a break about here, guys. We've already walked quite a bit. あの展覧会へ行ってみましょうよ。 Ano tenran-kai e itte mimashō yo. Come on, let's go to that exhibition. ２．Indicates a request (somewhat stronger than ne). Examples: この仕事はあなたしかできませんから、ぜひお願いしますよ。 Kono shigoto wa anata shika dekimasen kara, zehi onegai shimasu yo. You're the only one who can handle this job, so I really want you to take it on. 私の家にも来て下さいよ。 Watashi no ie ni mo kite kudasai yo. Come to my house, too. ３．Indicates a statement of certainty. Examples: いえ、恵子は小学校を去年出ましたから、もう13歳ですよ。 Ie, Keiko wa shōgakkō o kyonen demashita kara, mō jūsan-sai desu yo. No, Keiko graduated elementary school last year, so she's already thirteen years old, you see. 今日は金曜日ですよ。 Kyō wa kin'yōbi desu yo. Today is Friday, you know. 「Stated, for example, after someone has stated otherwise.」 ４．Indicates scolding or contempt. Examples: NOTE: Here, the combination ofwa yo indicates that a woman is speaking. あの人は仕事ができないはよ。 Ano hito wa shigoto ga dekinai wa yo. He just can't do the work! 谷さん、そんな悪いことをしてはいけませんよ。 Tani-san, sonna warui koto o shite wa ikemasen yo. Tani, you shouldn't do anything [bad] like that! Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Usage Of Adverbs」 「Expression of Time」 「Shibaraku・しばらく」 "for a while," "for a long time." Shibaraku indicates that an action or event occurs for a short or long period, depending on context. It is also used as a greeting (ex., 3). Examples: ここでしばらくお待ちください。 Koko de shibaraku o-machi kudasai. Please wait here for a while. しばらく日本語を話さなかったので、下手になった。 Shibaraku Nihongo o hanasanakatta node, heta ni natta. Because I didn;t speak Japanese for a long time, I became bad at it. しばらくですね。お元気ですか。 Shibaraku desu ne. O-genki desu ka. It's been quite some time since I last saw you. How have you been? Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Conditional Verb Form」 「Vcond + ba yokatta・ばよかった」 "I wish~ had done~ " Vcond ba yokatta expresses the speaker's regret for something he hasn't done. Desu may be added to the adjective yokatta (past form of ii/yoi) to make the speech polite. Examples: あの本を買えばよかった(です)。 Ano hon o kaeba yokatta (desu). I wish I had bought that book. もっとよく考えればよかった(です)。 Motto yoku kangaereba yokatta (desu). I wish I had given more thought to it. このことは先生と相談すればよかった(です)。 Kono koto wa sensei to sōdan sureba yokatta (desu). I wish I had consulted my teacher about this matter. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 知 「8 Strokes」 「Chi, Shi(ru)・Know」 あなたは答えを知っていますか？ Anata wa kotae o shitte imasu ka? Do you know the answer? Other uses for 知 知人「ちじん」Chijin・An acquaintance 知事「ちじ」Chiji・Governor (of a prefecture) 知り合い「しりあい」Shiriai・An acquaintance 通知「つうち」Tsūchi・A notification, communication 周知「しゅうち」Shūchi・Common knowledge, generally known Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 Verbal predicates in the present, past, or negative forms, followed by the conjunctive particle kara or node ("because"), express a reason or cause. Kara is used primarily to express subjective reasons and excuses, while node is used for stating objective reasons and causes. Unlike kara, node does not project the speaker's personal opinion, and therefore cannot be followed by a statement of belief, or by a command or an invitation. The plain style of speech is normally used before kara or node, but the masu form may be used in very polite speech (example 3). Examples: 春子さんがレセプションに出席しないから、私も出席しない。 Haruko(-san) ga resepushon ni shusseki shinaikara, watashi mo (shusseki) shinai. Haruko won't attend the reception, so I won't, either. ノラ(さん)はよく勉強したから/ので、成績が上がった。 Nora(-san) wa yoku benkyō shitakara/node, seiseki ga agatta. Nora's grades went up because she studied hard. 途中で事故がありましたので会議に遅れました。 Tochū de jiko ga arimashita node kaigi ni okuremashita. There was an accident along the way, so I was late for the meeting. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Sentence Ending Particles」 There are many sentence-ending particles in Japanese. Used commonly in the spoken language, these particles, along with the tone of voice in which they are used, help convey emotional nuances, often without actually altering in any way the explicit content of the sentence: e.g., onegai shimasu, onegai shimasu ne, and onegai shimasu yo are all similar that they express a request, but are softened or emphasized by the appended particle. Furthermore, certain sentece-ending particles are used predominantly by men, others by women. Some particles have both end-of-sentence and mid-sentence usages, such as ga, ka, kara, made, no, keredomo, no ki, kuse ni, -tara, mono o, tomo and yara. 「Ne・ね」 NOTE: Ne is sometimes pronounced as nē. 1. Indicates emotion or feeling of admiration. Examples: きれいな花ね。 Kirei na hana nē. What a pretty flower! すばらしい演奏だったわね。 Subarashī ensō datta wa ne. That was a wonderful concert. NOTE: Here, wa indicates that a woman is speaking 2. Indicates agreement with the other person. Examples: 本当にそうですね。 Hontō ni sō desu ne. Yes, that's quite true. 「That's so true.」 おっしゃる通りですね。 Ossharu tōri desu ne. Yes, it's just as you say. 「You're quite right.」 3. Softens a request. Examples: できればぜひお願いしますね。 Dekireba zehi onegai shimasu ne. If possible, please be sure to [do it]. 「If you would [do that], I'd surely appreciate it.」 必ず手紙を下さいね。 Kanarazu tegami o kudasai ne. Be sure to write me [a letter]. 4. Indicates a request for confirmation. Examples: あの本、もって来て下さったでしょうね。 Ano hon, motte kite kudasatta deshō ne. You brought me that book, didn't you [as I asked you to]? 「I suppose you brought that book for me.」 原田さん、今日来ると言ったんですね。 Harada-san, kyō kuru to itta-n desu ne. Harada said that he'd be coming today, right? 「It was today, wasn't it, that Harada said he would come?」 5. Indicates a mild assertion of, or variance in, opinion. Examples: そうですかね。 Sō desu ka ne. Oh, is that so? 「You think so?」 本当にそんなこと起こったでしょうかね。 Hontōni sonna koto okotta deshō ka ne. Hmm, I wonder if that's what actually happened [if something like that really happened]. 6. Indicates a mild assertion. Examples: あの人たち、何を考えているのかわかりませんね。 Ano hitotachi, nani o kagaete iru no ka wakarimasen ne. I just can't understand what they are thinking about [what's going on in their minds]. 私は北海度の方が寒いと思うんですけどね。 Watashi wa Hokkaido no hō ga samui to omou-n desu kedo ne. I would think that Hokkaido is colder. Hope this Helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Usage Of Adverbs」 「Expression of Time」 「Part 2」 「Tabitabi・度々」 "often," "frequently" Tabitabi indicates repetition of an action or event. It is primarily used in casual conversation. Examples: 部長は仕事で度々フランスへ行きます。 Buchō wa shigoto de tabitabi Furansu e ikimasu. The head of our department often goes to France on business. サラは病気で度々学校を休んだ。 Sara wa byōki de tabitabi gakkō o yasunda. Sarah was frequently absent from school due to illness. 「Shibashiba・しばしば」 "often," "frequently" Shibashiba indicates repetition of an action or event. It is essentially interchangeable with tabitabi. Examples: あのホールでしばしばコンサートが行われる。 Ano hōru de shibashiba konsāto ga okonawa reru. Concerts are held frequently in that hall. この辺りはしばしば雪は降ります。 Kono atari wa shibashiba yuki ga furimasu. It often snows in this area. 「Tokidoki・時々」 "sometimes," "once in a while" Tokidoki indicates that an action or state that occurs or exists from time to time. Examples: 時々子供を公園へ連れて行きます。 Tokidoki kodomo o kōen e tsurete ikimasu. Sometimes I take my children to the park. あのデパートのギャラリーで時々写真展がある。 Ano depāto no gyararī de tokidoki shashinten ga aru. Photo exhibitions are sometimes held in the gallery of that department store. 「Tama ni・たまに」 "occasionally," "once in a great while" Tama ni indicates that an action or state occurs or exists only occasionally. Examples: 職場の同僚とたまに食事をします。 Shokuba no dōryō to tama ni shokuji o shimasu. I occasionally have meals with my colleagues. たまに朝早く起きて散歩に行くことがある。 Tama ni asa hayaku okite sanpo ni iku koto ga aru. Once in a great while I get up early in the morning and go for a walk. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Conditional Verbs」 「Vcond + ba ii・ばいい」 "you need only," "allyou have to do is." Vcond ba ii suggests the only action the listener should take in a certain situation. Examples: 分からなければ、先生に聞けばいい(です)。 Wakaranakereba, sensei ni kikeba ii (desu). If you don't understand, all you have to do is to ask your teacher. 明日のテストにはこの課の漢字を覚えればいい(です)。 Ashita no tesuto ni wa kono ka no kanji o oboereba ii (desu). For tomorrow's test, you need only memorize the kanji in this lesson. 急ぐ(の)なら、電話で注文すればいい(です)。 Isogu n(o) nara, denwa de chūmon sureba ii (desu). If you want it in a hurry, all you have to do is to order by phone. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 矢 「5 Strokes」 「Shi, Ya・Arrow」 矢印は真っ直ぐに、目標に向かって飛んだ。 Yajirushi wa massugu ni, mokuhyō ni mukatte tonda. The arrow flew straight and true, to its target. Other uses for 矢 弓矢「ゆみや」Yumiya・Bow and arrow Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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