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Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adj adv +suru～く/にする」 "do~" The adverbial form of an i- or a na-adjective followed by the verb suru indicates someone's altering the state of something. Examples: テレビの音を低くしてください。 Terebi no oto o hikuku shite kudasai. Please lower the volume of the TV. 電気をつけて、部屋を明るくしました。 Denki o tsukete, heya o akaruku shimashita. I turned on the lights and made the room bright. 友達が来るから、家をきれいにした。 Tomodachi ga kuru kara, ie o kirei ni shita. Because my friend is coming, I cleaned the house. Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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番 「12 Strokes」 「Ban・Keeping watch; Number; Order」 緊急時には、通りの端にある交番を利用してください。 Kinkyū tokiniha, dōri no hashi ni aru kōban o riyō shite kudasai. In an emergency, make use of the police box at the end of the street. Other uses for番 局番「きょくばん」Kyokuban・Exchange (part of a phone number) 一番「いちばん」Ichiban・The first; Number one; Most 二番目「にばんめ」Nibanme・The second, Number 2 Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 With certain verbs, the te iru form can express an action that takes place over a period of time-a regular or habitual action like "living" in a place or "working" for a company. The particle of ni is used with such verbs to express such meanings indicates the place where the static action (i.e., "living," "working," etc.) occurs. Examples: オルソンさんは日本の会社に勤めている。 Oruson-san wa Nihon no kaisha ni tsutomete iru. Ms. Olson works for a Japanese company. 娘の秋子は演劇学校に行っています。 Musume no Akiko wa engeki gakkō ni itte imasu. My daughter Akiko goes to drama school. ヤングさんは高校で英語を教えていた。 Yangu-san wa kōkō de eigo o oshiete ita. Mr. Young was teaching English at high school. Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Mono no・ものの」 "But, although." NOTE: Mono no means essentially the same thing as ga and keredomo, but is a more formal usage and is used more often in writing than speaking. Examples: その国は独立したものの、まだ経済的な問題がたくさんある。 Sono kuni wa dokuritsu shita mono no, mada keizai-teki na mondai ga takusan aru. Although the country has become independent, it still has many economic problems. アメリカへ留学することに決めたものの、奨学金を取るのがむずかしい。 Amerika e ryūgaku suru koto ni kimeta mono no, shōgaku-kin o toru no ga muzukashii. Although I've decided to study in the United States, it's difficult to get a scholarship. Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vneg + nai koto ni suru ないことにする」 "decide not to" Vneg nai koto ni suru expresses the speaker's decision to not do something. Examples: 明日からたばこを吸わないことにする。 Ashita kara tabako o suwanai koto ni suru. I decided not to smoke starting tomorrow. ここに花を植えないことにしました。 Koko ni hana o uenai koto ni shimashita. I decided not to plant flowers here. しばらく外で食事しないことにします。 Shibaraku soto de shokuji shinai koto ni shimasu. I've decided not to dine out for a while. Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 丁 「2 Strokes」 「Chō・City block sized area; Counter for sheets, pages, leaves, etc; Even number; Counter for servings in a restaurant, Counter for long and narrow things such as guns, scissors, spades, hoes, inksticks・ Tei・4th in rank; fourth sign of the Chinese calendar」 私がみつけたのは一丁のハサミだけだった。 Watashi ga mitsuketa no wa itchō no hasami dakedatta. I only found a pair of scissors. Other uses for丁 丁字路・Teijiro・T-shaped street, Street intersection 一丁目・Itchōme・City block no. 1 (in addresses) 丁年・Teinen・(Age of) majority, Adulthood Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The particle bakari ("only"), coming between the te form of a verb and the auxiliary verb iru or imasu, expresses a repeated or an ongoing action. This pattern is used to express disapproval. Examples: 泉さんはパーティーでビールを飲んでばかりいた。 Izumi-san wa pātī de bīru o nonde bakari ita. Mr. Izumi was doing nothing but drinking beer at the party. ルームメートは漫画を読んでばかりいる。 Rūmumēto wa manga o yonde bakari iru. My roommate is doing nothing but reading manga. 猫は一日中ソファの上で寝てばかりいます。 Neko wa ichinichijū sofa no ue de nete bakari imasu. The cat is doing nothing but sleeping on the sofa all day long. Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Kuse ni くせに」 1．"Despite the fact that, though." NOTE: This usage is similar to that of no ni, but there is an added feeling of censure or contempt. Examples: 子供のくせに、大人の話に口を出してはいけません。 Kodomo no kuse ni, otona no hanashi ni kuchi o dashite wa ikemasen. Children shouldn't interrupt when grown-ups are talking. 「Lit., Despite the fact [or considering the fact] you are a [mere] child, you are not to butt in on grown-up's talk [the way you are doing].」 あの人は能力もないくせに、地位だけは欲しがっている。 Ano hito wa nōryoku mo nai kuse ni, chii dake wa hoshigatte iru. Despite the fact that he has no ability, all he wants is status. 2. Used at the end of a sentence to express censure or contempt. Example: あなただってできないくせに... Anata datte dekinai kuse ni... As if you could do it yourself. 「Lit., Despite the fact that even you couldn't do it [you are trying to tell me how to].」 自分でもわからないくせに... Jibun de mo wakaranai kuse ni... As if you understood. 「Lit., Despite the fact that even you don't understand [you presume to give advice to others].」 Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 区 「4 Strokes」 「Ku・Ward, Municipal administrative district」 あなたはその地区から来ましたか. Anata wa sono chiku kara kimashita ka. Did you come from that district? Other uses for区 区間「くかん」Kukan・District, Area, Zone 区切る「くぎる」Kugiru・Section, Interval 区分「くぶん」Kubun・Partition; Punctuate 北区「きたく」Kita-ku・Kita Ward (Tokyo) Hope that helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The particle o when following a noun and coming before a motion verb (a verb that expresses movement) indicates the space or distance through, upon, or along which the action expressed by the verb takes place. Examples: 小さい魚は川の底を泳いでいる。 Chiisai sakana ga kawa no soko o oyoide iru. Small fish are swimming along the bottom of the river. 大勢の人が駅前の道を歩いていた。 Ōzei no hito ga ekimae no michi o aruite ita. Many people were walking along the street in front of the station. バスが橋を渡っている。 Basu ga hashi o watatte iru. The bus is crossing the bridge. Hope this helps! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vneg+nai koto ga aru ないことがある」 ”There are times when~ don't~" Vneg nai koto ga aru indicates that actions or events sometimes do not occur. Examples: このベルは鳴らないことがある。 Kono beru wa naranai koto ga aru. There are times when the bell does not ring. 祖父は朝早く起きないことがある。 Sofu wa asa hayaku okinai koto ga aru. There are times when my grandfather doesn't get up early in the morning. ここには駐車を許可しないことがあります。 Koko ni wa chūsha o kyoka shinai koto ga arimasu. There are times when they don't permit parking cars here. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adj adv+naru~く/になる」 "become~" The adverbial form of an i- or a na-adjective followed by the verb naru indicates a change of state. Examples: 秋にはこの木は葉が赤くなります。 Aki ni wakono ki wa ha ga akaku narimasu. In autumn, the leaves of the tree become red. 彼はベストセラーを書いて、有名になった。 Kare wa besutoserā o kaite, yūmei ni natta. He wrote a bestseller and became famous. 入国の手続きが簡単になった。 Nyūkoku no tetsuzuki ga kantan ni natta. The immigration procedures became simple. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 町 「7 Strokes」 「Chō, Machi・Town, Quarter, Street」 町役場はどこですか？ Chōyakuba wa doko desu ka? Where is the town hall? Other uses for 町 下町「したまち」Shitamachi・(low lying) Downtown area 室町「むろまち」Muromachi・Historical period (1392-1573) 町民「ちょうみん」Chōmin・Townsman, townsfolk 町人「ちょうにん」Chōnin・Merchant; townsfolk 町内「ちょうない」Chōnai・Neighborhood Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Part 6」 「The Adverbial Form (Adj adv)」 Adjectives are used as adverbs when modifying verbs, other adjectives and adverbs as well. For i-adjectives, the adverbial form is obtained by changing the final i to ku, and for na-adjectives, by adding ni to the stem. 「Adj adv~く/に＋V」 "ly" The adverbial form of an i- or a na-adjective modifies the verb that follows it. Examples: 父は毎朝早く起きます。 Chichi wa maiasa hayaku okimasu. My father gets up early every morning. 庭に花が美しく咲いていた。 Niwa ni hana ga utsukushiku saite ita. Flowers were blooming beautifully in the garden. この事は大切だから、慎重に行わなければならない。 Kono koto wa taisetsu da kara, shinchō ni okonawanakereba naranai. Because this matter is important, we must act prudently. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 「Part 5 」 「5.1」 「Actions: In progress, Completed, Successive, Simultaneous, and Miscellaneous 」 The te form of a verb, followed by the verb iru or imasu ("exist"), expresses the present progressive tense. Here iru or imasu is used as an auxilliary. Examples: 和夫は庭で犬と遊んでいる。 Kazuo wa niwa de inu to asonde iru. Kazuo is playing in the yard with his dog. 私はお茶を飲みながら音楽を聞いています。 Watashi wa o-cha o nominagara ongaku o kiite imasu. I am listening to music and drinking tea. 田村さんはさっき電話をかけていました。 Tamura-san wa sakki denwa o kakete imashita. Ms. Tamura was making a phone call a while ago. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 市 「5 Strokes」 「Shi・City, Town, Market・Ichi・Market」 あなたは旧市街を見逃しますか？ Anata wa kyū shigai o mino ga shimasu ka. Do you miss your old town? Other uses for 市 市長「しちょう」Shichō・Mayor 市立「しりつ」Shiritsu・Municipal 市民「しみん」Shimin・Citizen, townspeople 市会「しかい」Shikai・Municipal assembly, city council 市場「いちば・しじょう」Ichiba, Shijō・Marketplace, market Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Vneg + nai de kudasai ないでください」 "Please don't" Vneg nai de kudasai expresses a negative request. Examples: 廊下の電灯を消さないでください。 Rōka no dentō o kesanai de kudasai. Please don't turn off the lights in the corridor. そのドアを開けないでください。 Sono doa o akenai de kudasai. Please don't open that door. 午後六時以後は品物を配達しないでください。 Gogo rokuji igo wa shinamono o haitatsu shinai de kudasai. Please don't deliver goods after 6 P.M. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° こゆうきあいはら °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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