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Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 21」 「Sakki・さっき」 Sakki refers to a moment in the immediate past. It is utilized primarily in casual conversation. Examples: 彼はさっきうちへ帰りました。 Kare wa sakki uchi e kaerimashita. He went home a while ago. さっきロンドンの死者からファックスが入った。 Sakki Rondon no shisha kara fakkusu ga haitta. A fax came in from the branch office in London just a little while ago. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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Japanese Language 「Japanese Verbs」 「Te Form」 「Part 3」 「Vte ∼て」 "-ing," "-ed" Vte expresses how an action is performed. Examples: 今朝急いでうちを出ました。 Kesa isoide uchi o demashita. I left home in a hurry this morning. 彼はソファに寝て本を読む。 Kare wa sofa ni nete hon o yomu. Lying on the sofa, he reads books. 観客は起立した拍手しました。 Kankyaku wa kiritsu shite hakushu shimashita. The audience stood up and clapped their hands. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 類 「18 Strokes」 「Rui, Tagu(i)・Kind, Type, Genus」 あなたの学位はどの分類の下にありますか？ Anata no gakui wa dono bunrui no shita ni arimasu ka? Under what classification is your degree? Other uses for類 類語「るいご」Ruigo・Synonym 人類「じんるい」Jinrui・Mankind 親類「しんるい」Shinrui・Relative, Kin 書類「しょるい」Shorui・Papers, Documents Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The plain or polite volitional form of a verb, followed by the particle ka, is used when expressing a suggestion in the form of a question: "Shall I...?" or "Shall we...?" Similar to this construction but more polite is the negative polite question masen ka. The particle demo in a sentence involving a suggestion indicates a thing offered up as a suggestion, but only as one of a number of possibilites. It replaces the direct-object marker o. Examples: コーヒーでも飲もうか。 Kōhī de mo nomō ka. Shall we have coffee or something? 雨が降っているからタクシーで行きましょうか。 Ame ga futte iru kara takushī de ikimashō ka. Shall we go by taxi, since it's raining? 私達の先生をパーティーに招待しませんか。 Watashi-tachi no sensei o pātī ni shōtai shimasen ka. wouldn't you [like to] invite our teacher to the party? Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Ze・ぜ」 NOTE: Adds force to a sentence. When it overlaps with zo, it is somewhat less emphatic. Ze is used mostly by men. １．Used to make a declaration to someone or underscore a point. 先に行くぜ。 Saki ni iku ze. I'm going on ahead． 「Leaving now. See you there.」 その仕事、君に頼んだぜ。 Sono shigoto, kimi ni tanonda ze. I'm counting on you to do that job. 「It's [the job's] up to you now.」 頑張るぜ。 Ganbaru ze. I'm going to give it my best shot. 「I'm hanging tough.」 Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Mamonaku・間もなく」 "soon," "shortly," "before long" mamonaku indicates that an action or event will occur shortly or that it has occurred not long after some other action or event. Examples: 間もなく京都行きが発車します。 Mamonaku Kyōto yuki ga hassha shimasu. The train bound for Kyoto will depart shortly. 日本では間もなく総選挙が行われるらしい。 Nihon de wa mamonaku sōsenkyo ga okonawareru rashii. It seems that a general election will soon be held in Japan. 二人は結婚して、間もなく離婚した。 Futari wa kekkon shite, mamonaku rikon shita. The two got a divorce not long after getting married. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te Form」 「Sentence Patterns」 「Part 2」 「Vte (2) ∼て」 "do~, so~," "because" Vte will express the reason for or the cause of the action or event in the main clause. Examples: 雨がづって釣りに行けませんでした。 Ame ga futte tsuri ni ikemasen deshita. It rained, so we couldn't go fishing. 彼は働きすぎて病気になりました。 Kare wa hataraki sugite byōki ni narimashita. He became ill, because he worked too hard. 友達が着て一緒にビールを飲みました。 Tomodachi ga kite issho ni bīru o nomimashita. My friend came, so we drank beer together. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 数 「13 Strokes」 「Sū (Su), Kazu・Number・Kazo(eru)・Count」 それを正しく数えましたか。 Sore o tadashiku kazoe mashita ka. Did we count that correctly? Other uses for数 数字「すうじ」Sūji・Digit, Numeral, Figures 数学「すうがく」Sūgaku・Mathematics 人数「にんずう」Ninzū・Numbers of people 無数「むすう」Musū・Countless, Innumerable 手数「てすう」Tesū・Trouble, Bother Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The negative form of a verb, followed by the particle de and okō or okimashō,which is the volitional form of the verb oku ("put"), is used when expressing a suggestion that involves inaction by both the speaker and the listener. Examples: 暖かいからヒーターをつけないでおきましょう。 Atatakai kara hītā o tsukenai de okimashō. It's warm, so let's not turn on the heater. 今、混んでいるから地下鉄に乗らないでおこう。 Ima, konde irukara chikatetsu ni noranaide okō. Let's not take the subway, because it's crowded now. この事は、矢野さんが帰るまで決めないでおきましょう。 Kono koto wa, Yano-san ga kaeru made kimenaide okimashō. As for this issue, let's not decide on it until Mr. Yano returns. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「Mono・もの」 NOTE: The primary meaning of mono as a sentence-ending particle is "because" or "the reason is," as shown in the usages below, this meaning is still vaguely felt. １．Indicates an excuse, a dissatisfaction, or a desire to be indulged or pampered. Used by women. a) Reason or excuse あの映画は面白くないんですもの。だから、行かなかったのよ。 Ano eioga wa omoshiroku nai-n desu mono. Da kara, ikanakatta no yo. That movie is simply too boring. That's why I didn't go. どうして食べないんだい。 この料理、嫌いなんですもの。 Dōshite tabenai-n dai. Kono ryōri, kirai nan desu mono. Why aren't you eating? I simply don't like this food. b) Dissatisfaction (with a woman speaking). 課長の仕事はやりたくないわ。下の者に冷たいんですもの。 Kachō no shigoto wa yaritaku nai wa. Shita no mono ni tsumetai-n desu mono. I don't want to work for the section chief. He's so cold to those working under him. 竹内さんとは一緒に仕事をしたくないのよ。ちっとも働かんないんだもの。 Takeuchi-san to wa issho ni shigoto o shitaku nai no yo. Chitto mo hatarakanai-n da mono. I don't want to work with Takeuchi. He just doesn't do anything [doesn't work]. c) Desire to be indulged or pampered. 出かけましょうよ。たまには外で食事がしたいんですもの。 Dekakemashō yo. Tama ni wa soto de shokuji ga shitai-n desu mono. Come on, let's go out. I'd like to eat out once in a while. あれ欲しいですもの。買ってもいいでしょう。 Are hoshii desu mono. Katte mo ii deshō. I want it [so badly]. It's alright if I buy it, isn't it? Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 19」 「Yagate・やがて」 "soon," "before long," "at (long) last," "in the end" Yagate is used to express the speaker's expectation that an action or even will eventually occur (example 1, 2). When the final verb of the sentence is in the past tense, it means "at (long) last" or "in the end"(example 3). Yagate is more formal than sono uchi (ni) and can express a stronger sense of cause and effect. Examples: 我が国の経済はやがて回復するだろう。 Wagakuni no keizai wa yagate kaifuku suru darō. The economy of our country will probably recover before long. やがて開幕になりますから、お急ぎください。 Yagate kaimaku ni narimasu kara, o-isogi kudasai. The curtains will soon rise, so please hurry. やがて事件は解決した。 Yagate jiken wa kaiketsu shita. At last the case was solved. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te Form (Vte)」 Regular I Verb Kaite・書いて「Write」 Hanashite・話して「Speak」 Shinde・新んで「Die」 matte・待って「Wait」 Regular II Verb Shirabete・調べて「Check」 Ite・いて「Be, Stay」 Irregular Verb Kite・来て「Check」 Shite・して「Do」 Sentence Patterns 「Part 1」 「Vte ~て」 "and," "do ~and" Vte is used as a conjunction that links two or more actions or events. Examples: 紙で飛行機を作って飛ばす。 Kami de hikōki o tsukutte tobasu. I make airplanes with paper and fly them. 目黒で電車を降りて学校まで歩きます。 Meguro de densha o orite gakkō made arukimasu. I get off the train at Meguro and walk to school. 家を掃除して買い物に行きました。 Ie o sōji shite kaimono ni ikimashita. I cleaned the house and went shopping. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 米 「6 Strokes」 「Bei・Rice; (short for) America・Mai, Kome・Rice」 北米に行ったことがありますか？ Hokubei ni itta koto ga arimasu ka? Have you ever been to North America? Other uses for 米 外米「がいまい」Gaimai・Imported rice 白米「はくまい」Hakumai・Polished rice 南米「なんべい」Nanbei・South America 新米「しんまい」Shinmai・New rice; novice 日米「にちべい」Nichi-bei・Japan and America, Japanese-U.S. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Sentence Structure The volitional form of a verb expresses an invitation or suggestion. The plain volitional form is obtained as follows: Regular I verbs: The final syllable of the dictionary form changes from one ending in u to one ending in u and is elongated. au ("meet") aō ("let's meet") iku ("go") ikō ("let's go") oygu ("swim") oyogō ("let's swim") hanasu ("speak") hanasō ("let's speak") matsu ("wait") matō ("let's wait") asobu ("play") assobō ("let's play") yomu ("read") yomō ("let's read") kaeru ("return") kaerō ("let's return") Regular II verbs: The final ru of the dictionary form changes to yō. miru ("see") miyō ("let's see") taberu ("eat") tabeyō ("let's eat") Irregular verbs: kuru ("come") koyō ("let's come") suru ("do") shiyō ("let's do") The polite volitional form of a verb is the same as the masu form, only with mashō replacing masu: ikimashō ("let's go"), mimashō ("let's see"), etc. The plain volitional form is used mainly by men, wheras the polite volitional form is used by both men and women. Examples: ここでしばらく休みましょう。 Koko de shibaraku yasumimashō. Let's rest here for a while. バーで村田さんの昇進を祝おう。 Bā de Murata-san no shōshin o iwaō. Let's celebrate Mr. Murata's promotion at the bar. 試験に落第しないようによく勉強しましょう。 Shiken ni rakudai shinai yō ni yoku benkyō shimashō. Let's study hard so that we won't fail the exam. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「-I・い」 １．Following da or ka, indicates an informal question. Used mostly by men. どうして新宿まで言ったんだい。 Dō shite Shinjuku made itta-n dai. Why'd you go as far as [all the way to] Shinjuku? 昨日どこで飲んだんだい。 Kinō doko de nonda-n dai. Where'd you go drinking yesterday？ またアメリカに出張かい、大変だな。 Mata Amerika ni shutchō kai, taihen da na. Off to the U.S. on business again? Hang in there. あの人、元気だったかい。 Ano hito, genki datta kai. How was she? 「How's she getting along?」 Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 18」 「Mō sugu・もうすぐ」 Mō sugu expresses the speaker's expectation that an action or event will occur shortly. Examples: もうすぐ夏ですね。 Mō sugu matsu desu ne. Summer is just around the corner, isn't it? この電車はもうすぐ横浜に着きます。 Kono densha wa mō sugu Yokohama ni tsukimasu. This train will soon arrive in Yokohama. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Volitional Form」 「Part 5」 「Vvol+to suru・とする」 「Part 2」 ”Be about to do~" This expresses a conditional clause of an action that is about to take place. Examples: 電車に乗ろうとすると、ドアが閉まりました。 Densha ni norō to suru to, doa ga shimarimashita. Just as I was about to get on a train, the doors were closed. 食事を始めようとすると、電話がなりました。 Shokuji o hajimeyō to suru to, denwa ga narimashita. Just as I was about to start the meal, the telephone rang. 外出しようとすると、いつもだれか来る。 Gaishutsu shiyō to suru to, itsumo dare ka kuru. Just as I'm about to go out, someone always comes. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 肉 「6 Strokes」 「Niku・Meat, Flesh; Personal-seal inkpad」 好きな肉は何ですか。 Suki na niku wa nani desu ka? What is your favorite meat? Other uses for 肉 肉屋「にくや」Nikuya・Butcher (shop） 肉体「にくたい」Nikutai・The body, The flesh 肉親「にくしん」Nikushin・Blood relation, Relative 肉筆「にくひつ」Nikuhito・One's own handwriting; Autograph 肉付きのよい「にくずきのよい」Nikuzuki No Yoi・Well-fleshed, Plump Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The dictionary or negative (nai) form of a verb, followed by yō ni, is placed before a command or request to make it indirect. Examples: ミラーさんにこの記事を英語に訳すように頼んでください。 Mirā-san ni kono kiji o eigo ni yakusu yō ni tanonde kudasai. Please talk to Mr. Miller to translate this article into English. 子供達に遅くまで起きていないように言ってください。 Kodomo-tachi ni osoku made okite inai yō ni itte kudasai. Please tell the children to not stay up late. 小島さんにマラソンに参加するように勧めてくださいませんか。 Kojima-san ni marason ni sanka suru yō ni susumete kudasaimasen ka. Would you please advise Mr Kojima to participate in the marathon? Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「-Tteba・ってば」 １．Indicates annoyance with another person. 明日までにできなければ困るってば。 Ashita made ni dekinakereba komaru-tteba. I'm telling you, there's going to be trouble if it's not done by tomorrow. 来年では遅すぎるってば。 Rainen de wa ososugiru-tteba. Next year will be too late, I'm telling you. ２．Indicates an indirect command or prohibition. そんなことをしたら、だめだってば。 Sonna koto o shitara, dame da-tteba. I'm telling you that it's no good if you do such a thing. 「I wouldn't do that if I were you.」 コンピューターを使わなければ、できないってば。 Konpyūtā o tsukawanakereba, dekinai-tteba. I'm telling you that you can't do it unless you use the computer. 「You won't get anywhere unless you use the computer, I'd say.」 Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 17」 「Izure・いずれ」 "soon," "one of these days," "before long." Izure expresses the speaker's expectation that an action or event will occur eventually. It is more formal than sono uchi (ni). Examples: いずれ野田先生をお訪ねするつもりです。 Izure Noda-sensei o o-tazune suru tsumori desu. I intend to visit Professor Noda one of these days. いずれまたお会いしましょう。 Izure mata o-ai shimashō. Let's meet again soon. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Volitional Form」 「Part 4」 「Vvol + to suru (1) to suru」 ”Try to do~” Vvol to suru expresses a person's effort to do something (often unsuccessfully). Examples: 若い男が自転車を盗もうとしました。 Wakai otoko ga jitensha o nusumō to shimashita. A young man tried to steal a bicycle. 兄みに車を借りようとしましたが駄目でした。 Ani mi ni kuruma o kariyō to shimashita ga dame deshita. I tried to borrow the car from my older brother but didn't succeed. 明はいつも正雄と競争しようとします。 Akira wa itsumo Masao to kyōsō shiyō to shimasu. Akira always tries to compete with Masao (without success). Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 旅 「10 Strokes」 「Ryo, Tabi・Trip, Travel」 旅行の予定はいつですか。 Ryokō no yotei wa itsu desu ka? When did you schedule your trip for? Other uses for旅 旅先「たびさき」Tabisaki・Destination 旅立つ「たびだつ」Tabidatsu・Start on a journey 旅行者「りょこうしゃ」Ryokōsha・Traveler, Tourist Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The negative form of a verb, followed by the particle de and kudasaimasen ka, expresses a polite negative request ("Would you please not...") directed at a social superior. Examples: この建物の中で写真を撮らないでくださいませんか。 Kono tatemono no naka de shashin o toranai de kudasaimasen ka. Would you please not take pictures in this building? 黒板の漢字を消さないでくださいませんか。 Kokuban no kanji o kesanai de kudasaimasen ka. Would you please not erase the kanji from the blackboard? この事は、まだ発表しないでくださいませんか。 Kono koto wa, mada happyō shinai de kudasaimasen ka. As for this matter, would you please not announce it yet? Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Particles」 「‐Kke・っけ」 NOTE: -Kke follows V-ta and Adj-ta forms. In feminine speech, the verb forms tend to be desu, deshita and V-mashita. 1. Indicates a muted question in cases where there is information shared with an interlocutor that the speaker is trying to recall. NOTE: InterlocutorーA person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation. Examples: 明日の結婚式は、何時に始まるんでしたっけ。 Ashita no kekkon-shiki wa, nanji ni hajimaru-n deshita-kke. What time is the wedding going to start tomorrow? 「The wedding tomorrow-what time is it going to start?」 あなたの家はどこだったっけ。 Anata no ie wa doko datta-kke. Now, where was your house? 「Where did you say your house was?」 ２．Indicates that the speaker is remembering something from the distant past. Examples: この辺に学校があったっけ。 Kono hen ni gakkō ga atta‐kke. Didn't there used to be a school around here? 「I seem to remember that there was a school around here.」 あの人とよく酒を飲んだっけ。 Ano hito to yoku sake o nonda-kke. Back in the old days, I used to go drinking a lot with him. 「I remember going drinking with him quite a bit.」 Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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