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Japanese Language [Adjectives And Adverbs] [Adverbs Expressing Time] [Part 32] [Maemotte~前もって] "beforehand," "in advance" Maemotte is used when indicating someone's doing something ahead of time in preparation of a future event. Examples: 欠席 の 場合 は 前もって 知らせて ください。 Kesseki no baai wa maemotte shirasete kudasai. Should you not attend, please let me know in advance. この プロジェクト に は 前もって せんせい の 承諾 を えました。 Kono purojekuto ni wa maemotte sensei no shōdaku o emashita. For this project, we obtained our teacher's consent beforehand. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうき あいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °
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Japanese Language
[Verbs] [Te Form] [Part 14] [Vte+wa ikenai~て は いけない] "It is not all right if," "must not" Vte wa ikenai expresses prohibition. Ikemasen is the polite style. The verb komaru 困る (be problematic) can be used in place of ikenai. Examples: 廊下を 走っては いけない. Rōka o hashitte wa ikenai. You must not run in the corridor. 宿題 を 忘れて は 困ります。 Shukudai o wasurete wa komarimasu. You must not forget your homework. 彼の言葉 を誤解して は いけません。 Kare no kotoba o gokai shite wa ikemasen. You must not misunderstand his words. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうき あいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 活 [9 Strokes] [Katsu~Life, Activity] 隣の家で活動があります。 Tonari no ie de katsudō ga arimasu. There is activity in the house next door. Other uses for 活 生活~Seikatsu-Life 活動-Katsudō-Activity 活発~Kappatsu-Active, Lively 活字-Katsuji-Printing/movable type 活用-Katsuyō-Practical use; Conjugate, Inflect Hope this helps! じゃ また！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうき あいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language [Sentence Structure] The verbs mieru ("can be seen") and kikoeru ("can be heard") indicate something is passively or spontaneously visible or audible. These verbs are different from mirareru ("can see") and kikeru ("can hear")-the potential forms of the verbs miru and kiku-in that the latter indicates that one can see and hear anything by virtue of the quality of one's eyesight or hearing, not by the nature of what happens to be in one's field of vision or earshot. Examples: 夜空 の 星 が 見える。 Yozora no hoshi ga mieru. One can see stars in the (night) sky. (IMPLYING: Stars are visible) 今日は 曇って いる ので ふじーさん が 見ません。 Kyō wa kumotte irunode Fuji ̄-san ga mimasen. It's cloudy today, so we can't see Mt. Fuji. 森の中で鳥の鳴き声が聞こえた. Mori no naka de tori no nakigoe ga kikoeta. The cries of birds could be heard in the woods. ここ は とても 静か で 何 も 聞こえない。 Koko wa totemo shizuka de nani mo kikoenai. This place is so quiet I can't hear anything. Hope this helps! じゃ また！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうき あいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language [Adjectives And Adverbs] [Adverbs Expressing Time] [Part 31] [Saki ni~先 に] "before," "ahead of," "first" Saki ni indicates that an action or event occurs prior to some other action or event. Examples: この 問題 を 先 に 解決 しなければ ならない。 kono mondai o saki ni kaiketsu shinakereba naranai. We must solve this problem first. マイク わ 皆 より 先 に 試験 お 済ませて 出て 行った。 Maiku wa mina yori saki ni shiken o sumasete dete itta. Mike finished the exam ahead of others and left (the classroom). Hope this helps! じゃあまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうき あいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° [Japanese Language] [Verbs] [Te Form] [Part 13] [Vte+mo+Vnakute mo~ても~なくても] "whether or not" Vte mo Vnakute mo expresses a condition with a set of affirmative and negative verb forms. The second verb may be affirmative if it has an opposite meaning to the first verb. Examples: 雨 が ふって も ふらなくて も いく。 Ame ga futte mo furanakute mo iku. I'll go whether it rains or not. この 仕事 は 頼まれて も 頼まれなくて も 私 が やる。 Kono shigoto wa tanomarete mo tanomarenakute mo watashi ga yaru. I myself will do this work whether asked or not. 本田-さんが 会議 に 出席 して も 欠席 して も かまいません。 Honda-san ga kaigi ni shusseki shite mo kesseki shite mo kamaimasen. It doesn't matter whether Mr. Honda attends the meeting or not. Hope this helps! じゃあまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうき あいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 野
[11 Strokes] [Ya, No-Field, Plain] あなたは平野を探索楽しんでいますか？ Anata wa heiya o tansaku tanoshinde imasu ka? Do you enjoy exploring the plains? Other uses for 野 野原-Nohara-Field, plain 野生-Yasei-Wild (animal/plant) 分野-Bun'ya-Field (of endeavor) 平野-Heiya[Hirano]-A plain [A surname] Hope this helps! また ね! °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうき あいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 「Japanese Language」 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 30」 「Nochihodo・後ほど」 ”later," "afterward" Nochihodo is used to refer to a point in the near future. It is more formal than ato de. Examples: 後ほどお伺いします。 Nochihodo o-ukagai shimasu. I will call on you later. 宴会の場所については後ほどお知らせします。 Enkai no basho ni tsuite wa nochihodo o-shirase shimasu. As for the location of the banquet, we'll let you know later. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te Form」 「Part 12」 「Vte＋mo ii・もいい」 "It is all right if," "may" Vte mo ii is used to express permission or concession. Examples: ここではたばこを吸ってもいいです。 Koko de wa tabako o sutte mo ii desu. It is all right if you smoke here. ここに車を止めてもいいですか。 Koko ni kuruma o tomete mo ii desu ka. May I park the car here？ この規則は廃止してもいいと思う。 Kono kisoku wa haishi shite mo ii to omou. I think that we can abolish that regulation. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 務 「11 Strokes」 「Mu, Tsuto(meru)・Work, Serve・Tsuto(maru)・Be fit/competent for」 公務員になるのはどうですか？ Kōmuin ni naru no wa dō desu ka? How do you like being a government employee? Uses for 務 事務所「じむしょ」jimusho・Office 国務「こくむ」Kokumu・Affairs of State 外務省「がいむしょう」Gaimushō・Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 「Expressing, Ability, Preference, Desire, Intention, Resolution, and Experience」 「Part 2」 The potential form of a verb, followed by the phrase yō ni naru ("reach the point where...") , expressses the achievement of an ability or a potential; someone becomes capable of something after a process or length of time. The dictionary or nai form of a verb may be used in place of the potential form in this same pattern when expressing the same notion (Ex., 2), or when expressing a change in a situation (Ex., 3), state, or condition. Examples: かれはやっと日本語で手紙が書けるようになった。 Kare wa yatto Nihongo de tegami ga kakeruu yō ni natta. He has finally reached the point where he can write a letter in Japanese. 隣の赤ちゃんは一人で歩くようになりました。 Tonari no akachan wa hitori de aruku yō ni narimashita. Our neighbor's baby has learned to walk by herself. リンダはジュムとデートしないようになった。 Rinda wa Jimu to dēto shinai yō ni natta. Linda doesn't date Jim anymore. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 29」 「Ato de・後で」 Ato de refers to a point in the near future. Examples: そのことはまた後で話し合いましょう。 Sono koto wa mata ato de hanashiaimashō Let's talk about that matter again later. 今忙しいから、この仕事はあとでします。 Ima isogashii kara, kono shigoto wa ato de shimasu. I'm busy now, so I'll do this work later. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te Form」 「Part 11」 「Vte＋Mo～ても」 "even if," "although" Vte mo is used as a conjunction when expressing a condition. Examples: 博は参考書を買っても使いません。 Hiroshi wa sankōsho o katte mo tsukaimasen. Hiroshi doesn't use reference books, even if he buys them. この言葉は辞書で調べても分かりませんでした。 Kono kotoba wa jisho de shirabete mo wakarimasen deshita. Although I checked this word in the dictionary, I couldn't understand it. 彼は約束しても守らない。 Kare wa yakusoku shite mo mamoranai. Even if he promises, he doesn't keep it. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 協 「8 Strokes」 「Kyō・Cooperation」 このプロジェクトを完了するには、協力が不可欠です。 Kono purojekuto o kanryō suru ni wa, kyōryoku ga fukaketsudesu. Cooperation is integral to finishing this project. Other uses for協 協力「きょうりょく」Kyōryoku・Cooperation 協会「きょうかい」Kyōkai・Society, Association 協力者「きょうりょくしゃ」Kyōryokusha・Collaborator, Coworker 協同「きょうどう」Kyōdō・Cooperation, Collaboration, Partnership 日米協会「にちべいきょうかい」Nichi-bei kyōkai・The America-Japan Society Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 「Part 8」 「Expressing Ability, Preference, Desire, Intention, Resolution, and Experience」 ヒルさんは中国語を話すことができる/できます。 Hiru-san wa chūgokugo o hanasu koto ga dekiru/ dekimasu. The dictionary form of a verb, followed by the phrase koto ka dekiru ("can," "be able to"), expresses ability or potential. Grammatically, the noun koto ("thing") in this pattern functions to turn the verb coming before it into a gerund, so that the sentence above, with the topic, means, literally, "As for Mr. Hill, speaking Chinese is possible." A shorter potential form also exists in Japanese. The shorter forms for the three verb types are obtained as follows. NOTE：A gerund is a form that is derived from a verb but that functions as a noun, in English ending in -ing, e.g., asking in do you mind my asking you?. Regular I verbs: The final syllable of the dictionary form changes from one ending in u to one ending in eru. au ("meet") aeru ("can meet") iku ("go") ikeru ("can go") oyogu ("swim") oyogeru ("can swim") hanasu ("speak") hanaseru ("can speak") matsu ("wait") materu ("can wait") asobu ("play") asoberu ("can play") yomu ("read") yomeru ("can read") kaeru ("return") kaereru ("can return") Regular II verrbs: The final ru of the dictionary form changes to rareru. miru ("see") mirareru ("can see") taberu ("meet") taberareru ("can eat") Irregular verbs: kuru ("come") korareru ("can come") suru ("do") dekiru ("can do") The direct object of a potential verb is marked by o with the koto ga dekiru pattern, but by ga with the shorter potential form. Examples: 彼女はショパンを弾くことができる/ショパンが弾ける。 Kanojo wa Shopan o hiku koto ga dekiru/ Shopan ga hajikeru. She can play Chopin. 博物館まで車で10分で行くことができます/行けます。 Hakubutsukan made kuruma de juppun de iku koto ga dekimasu/ ikemasu. You can get to the museum in ten minutes by car. ブラウンさんは日本語で演説することができる/演説ができる。 Buraun-san wa nihongo de enzetsu suru koto ga dekiru/ enzetsu ga dekiru. Mr. Brown can make speeches in Japanese. ８時までに来ることができますか/こられますか。 8-Ji made ni kuru koto ga dekimasu ka/ koraremasu ka. Can you come by 8 o'clock？ Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 28」 「Mata・また」 "again," "once more" Mata indicates a reoccurring event or action. Examples: 九州にまた台風がくるらしい。 Kyūshū ni mata taifū ga kuru rashii. It seems that a typhoon will hit Kyushu again. 次の試合でまたあのチームを負かしたい。 Tsugi no shiai de mata ano chīmu o makashitai. We want to beat that team again in the next game. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te form」 「Part 10」 「Vte＋hoshii・てほしい」 "want (someone) to do" Vte hoshii is used to express the desire to have someone (marked by the particle ni) do something. This someone is not supposed to be of a higher status than the speaker. This pattern is used with first person with declarative sentences (ex. 1) and in the second person with interrogative sentences (ex. 2). Examples: 私は南さんにこの手紙を読んでほしい。 Watashi wa Minami-san ni kono tegami o yonde hoshii. I want Miss Minami to read this letter. あなたはだれに日本語を教えてほしいですか。 Anata wa dare ni Nihongo o oshiete hoshii desu ka. Who do you want to teach you Japanese? ホテルの予約を確認してほしいです。 Hoteru no yoyaku o kakunin shite hoshii desu. I want you to confirm the reservation at the hotel. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 労 「7 Strokes」 「Rō・Labor, Toil」 この労働力はどの程度効果的ですか。 Kono rōdō-ryoku wa dono teido kōka-teki desu ka. How effective is this labor force？ Other uses for労 労働「ろうどう」Rōdō・Work, labor 心労「しんろう」Shinrō・Worry, concern 労力「ろうりょく」Rōryoku・Trouble, effort; labor 労働者「ろうどうしゃ」Rōdōsha・Worker, laborer 労働時間「ろうどうじかん」Rōdō jikan・Working hours Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The negative te form of a verb (nakute), followed by mo ii, will express the belief of the speaker that an action is unnecessary. The negative te form of an i-adjective (ku nakute), or a na-adjective (de nakute), and followed by the same phrase, expresses the belief of the speaker that a state is unnecessary. Examples: 忙しくないから残業しなくてもいいです。 Isogashiku nai kara zangyō shinakute mo īdesu. We aren't busy, so we don't have to work overtime. この仕事は明日までに済ませなくてもいいですよ。 Kono shigoto wa ashita made ni sumasenakute mo ii desu yo. You don't have to finish this work by tomorrow. アパートは駅に近くなくてもいい。 Apāto wa eki ni chikaku nakute mo ii. The apartment doesn't have to be near the station. ホテルは高級でなくてもいいです。 Hoteru wa kōkyūde nakute mo ii desu. The hotel doesn't have to be high class. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 27」 「Mazu・先ず」 "first” Mazu indicates that the action it modifies is a priority. Examples: 京都に着いて先ず田辺さんに電話した。 Kyōto ni tsuite mazu Tanabe-san ni denwa shita. On arriving in Kyoto, I phoned Mrs. Tanabe first (before doing anything else). 先ずこの仕事を片付けてから、次の仕事にかかりましょう。 Mazu kono shigoto o katazukete kara, tsugi no shigoto ni kakarimashō． Let's finish this job first and then move on to the next. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te Form」 「Part 9」 「Vte ＋bakari iru・ばかりいる」 "be doing nothing but" Vte bakari iru expresses the only action that a person is doing. Examples: 隣の男の子は一日中ハーモニカを吹いてばかりいる。 Tonari no otoko no ko wa ichinichijū hāmonika o fuite bakari iru. The boy next door does nothing but play a harmonica all day long. 良子さんは仕事を変えてばかりいます。 Yoshiko-san wa shigoto o kaete bakari imasu. Yoshiko does nothing but change jobs. 水木さんは同僚と議論してばかりいる。 Mizuki-san wa dōryō to giron shite bakari iru. Mr. Mizuki does nothing but argue with his colleagues. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° 働 「Dō・Hatara(ku)・Work」 あなたがそんなに働き者であるのを見るのは良いことです。 Anata ga sonna ni hataraki mono de aru no o miru no wa yoi koto desu. Good to see you are such a hard worker. Other uses for 働 実働時間「じつどうじかん」Jitsudō jikan・Actual working hours 働き「はたらき」Hataraki・Work; Functioning; Ability 働き口「はたらきぐち」Hatarakiguchi・Job, position 働き手「はたらきて」Hatarakite・Breadwinner Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Sentence Structure」 The stem of the nai form of a verb (the form without nai), followed by the phrase nakereba naranai ("must," "have to"), expresses the speaker's belief that an action is necessary, often due to an obligation or a duty. Similarly with adjectives, the ku form of an i-adjective or the te form of a na-adjective is followed by this same phrase, expressing the speaker's belief that a state or condition is necessary, though not necessarily due to an obligation or duty (ex., 3). Examples: 帰りにスーパーに寄らなければなりません。 Kaeri ni sūpā ni yoranakereba narimasen. I must stop by a supermarket on the way home. 果物は新しくなければならない。 Kudamono wa atarashiku nakereba naranai. Fruit must be fresh. ホテルは静かでなければならない。 Hoteru wa shizuka de nakereba naranai. The hotel must be quiet. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Adjectives and Adverbs」 「Adverbs Expressing Time」 「Part 26」 「Hajimete・初めて」 "for the first time" Hajimete indicates an action or event that is the first of its kind. Examples: 彼は去年初めて富士山に登った。 Kare wa kyonen hajimete Fuji-san ni nobotta. He climbed Mt. Fuji last year for the first time (in his life). 和t氏は二十歳の時、初めて車を運転した。 Watashi wa hatachi no toki, hajimete kuruma o unten shita. I drove a car for the first time at the age of twenty. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° Japanese Language 「Verbs」 「Te Form」 「Part 8」 「Vte + Kara・てから」 "after doing~" "since doing~" Vte kara expresses the relationship of the time between actions or events (after/since). Examples: このアパートに移ってから三年になる。 Kono apāto ni utsutte kara sannen ni naru. It's been three years since I moved into this apartment. 宿題を済ませてから遊びなさい。 Shukudai o sumasete kara asobinasai. Play after you finish your homework. 私は大学を卒業してから銀行で働くつもりです。 Watashi wa daigaku o sotsugyō shite kara ginkō de hataraku tsumori desu. I intend to work in a bank after graduating from college. Hope this helps! じゃまたね！ °˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ ° |
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